Articals Regarding Pakistan
Kashmir: 77 Years of Resistance and Resilience
By: Javed Iqbal | October 28, 2024
Courtesy : Daily Times
Kashmiris on both sides of LoC and across the world observe 27th Oct as Black Day against illegal, unjust and forcible occupation of Kashmir by Indian forces.
As per the partition plan Hindu majority areas were to be included in India and Muslims majority areas were to be made part of Pakistan. However, on 27th Oct 1947 India landed its troops in the Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) and forcefully invaded the valley which was a sheer violation of the partition plan.
The people of Kashmir did not accept the illegal act of the Indian government and started an arms struggle in 1947. Seeing writing on the wall, the Indian government approached the UN security Council on 1 Jan 1948 for its intervention. So far more than twelve UN Security Council resolutions on just resolutions of Kashmir issue as per wishes of people have been passed. However, till date India has not honored its own resolution.
Indian authorities who miserably failed to address grievances of people are in illusion.
During 77 years of occupation, the Indian government has applied all forms of brutal acts, atrocities and barbarism to control the freedom struggle of Kashmiri people but could not break the resolve of Kashmiris. According to the reports of Kashmir media service, since Jan 1989 till 30 September 2024, a total of 96,364 people embraced martyrdom, 107,965 children and 22, 977 women who lost their fathers and husbands respectively, 172, 135 civilian arrests, 7,362 custodial killings, 11,265 cases of women molestation and destruction of 110,519 infrastructures by Indian security.
The Modi government, in its efforts to gain control over the occupied valley, revoked Article 370 on 5th Aug 2019. This illegal act resulted in strong resistance from Kashmiris. Since then, the Indian authorities have been carrying out different tactics like political engineering, demographic marginalization, socio-economic machinations, cultural invasion and last but not the least media curbs to strengthen its grip over IIOJ&K but all their efforts could not get desired results and the resolve for self-determination in Kashmir has remained undiminished.
While the people of Kashmir are grappling with multiple challenges on the economic and security front which has developed a deep resentment among them. Whereas, the Indian authorities who miserably failed to address grievances of people are in illusion, unaware of ground realities and busy in crafting a narrative of normalcy. New Delhi must understand that more than seven decades of occupation coupled with all forms of atrocities, heavy militarization couldn’t work for them. Brave people of Kashmir are determined enough to get freedom from illegal occupation. Defeat of BJP in Kashmir in recent elections is a depiction of strong hatred and rejection of Kashmiris towards the Modi government and its policies.
The peace and prosperity of the entire region is under siege due to the Indian government’s hegemonic designs and Hindutva driven politics. While a just resolution of the Kashmir issue is a key to the peace and prosperity of the entire region, the people of Kashmir in particular and the region in general are paying the price of the international community’s double standards towards Muslims countries’ issues.
Dialogue on Kashmir conflict
By: Dr Ghulam Nabi Fai | October 28, 2024
Courtesy : Pakistan Observer
Kashmir Council Sweden organized an important event to observe the October 27th as the day of occupation, a day of grief and sorrow. The event took place at Stockholm Waterfront Congress Center.
Describing the objective of the Council, Sardar Tamur Aziz, President of the Council and Emcee of the event said that our objective is to advocate for a peaceful resolution to the Kashmir conflict, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the people of Kashmir and promoting their right to self-determination. Council emphasizes an end to human rights abuses in the region and aims to provide Kashmiri voices a platform in international forums.
Sardar Tamur added that Kashmir Black day is observed on October 27. It marks the day in 1947 when Indian troops entered Jammu and Kashmir changing the regions history. Observance of Black Day is a symbol of protest by Kashmiris and supporters worldwide. It calls attention to what many view as a day of occupation and highlights the region’s struggle for self-determination.
Ambassador of Pakistan to Sweden Bilal Hayee, said that the original sin of the tragedy of Kashmir began when India occupied the State of Jammu and Kashmir by sending its army without the consent of the people of Kashmir. He said that the claim of India that Maharaja signed the ‘Instrument of Accession’ (IOA) is fraudulent assertion as the original copy has never been found.
Ambassador Bilal Hayee emphasized that the claim of IOA was never accepted by the United Nations when the issue was raised at the Security Council. The United Nations Security Council made it abundantly clear that the future of Kashmir shall be decided by the people of Kashmir through a plebiscite which will be supervised and monitored by the United Nations.
“I would like to make it clear that the international agreements, like the UN Security Council resolutions on Kashmir can never become obsolete. It remains active on the agenda of the UN SC as long as they are not implemented. The passage of time can never invalidate the solemn pledges given by the United Nations to the people of Kashmir,” said Ambassador Hayee.
Speaking via zoom, Dr. Ghulam Nabi Fai, Chairman, World Forum for Peace & Justice said that October 27th is being observed as a day of occupation because it is on that fateful day in 1947 that India occupied the state of Jammu and Kashmir. More than 350,000 Kashmiris were massacred by the army of Maharaja (The ruler) in Jammu area alone because they wanted to go to Pakistan. What a strange coincidence that exactly the same time more than 700,000 Palestinian were expelled from their homeland in May of 1948 and the state of Israel was established. The United Nations discussed and debated both the issues of Palestine and Kashmir in April of 948 and agreed upon that there will be a separate homeland for the people of Palestine and the people of Kashmir will be given the right to self-determination to decide their future. Unfortunately, until today, no referendum took place in Kashmir and no homeland was established for the people of Palestine.
Dr. Fai added that we should tell the Swedish parliamentarians that Ambassador Gunnar Jarring, the Swedish Ambassador to the United Nations proved to be prophetic when he said on October 29, 1957, that “the use of force aimed at changing the status quo must be excluded. It also implies that the parties should desist from taking internal legislative measures by which the State of Jammu and Kashmir would be considered definitely incorporated in the territory of one of the two parties and which would prejudice the Security Council’s continued deliberations on this matter.” Isn’t it the answer to the reckless and illegal action taken by Modi Administration on August 5, 2019, when it abrogated Article 370 and 35 A and then enacted Domicile Law to change the demography of Kashmir, Dr. Fai asked? Later Ambassador Gunnar jarring was appointed be the United Nations Special Representative on Kashmir.
Choudhary Zafar Iqbal, the President of the Council thanked the attendees for their participation. He added that the current situation in Kashmir remains tense with heightened security, restricted movement and increased communication blackouts, especially after political changes like the revocation of Article 370 & 35A.
A well known Swedish politician, Anders Tiger expressed his solidarity with the people of Kashmir. At the end of the event, it was unanimously agreed that a campaign must be initiated in Sweden for the release of all political prisoners in Kashmir, including, Mohammad Yasin Mali, Shabir Ahmed Shah, Masarat Aalm, Aaisia Andrabi. Sofi Fehmedea, Nahida Nasreen and globally recognized human rights activist, Khurram Parvez.
Inauspicious Day in The History of Kashmir!
By: Faisal Ahmad | October 28, 2024
Courtesy : Daily Times
27 October serves as a poignant reminder of the ongoing struggle for self-determination faced by the people of IIOJK. This day is marked by Kashmiris and Pakistanis worldwide to express solidarity and highlight the human rights violations occurring in the region since 1947.
Kashmir was a princely state under Dogra rule marked by repressive governance and significant indigenous resistance before the partition of India. The region is rich in cultural diversity with a majority Muslim population that played a crucial role in its political landscape. The discontent against the Dogra monarchy laid the groundwork for future upheaval.
Maharaja Hari Singh’s reluctance to join Pakistan or India following the Partition was crucial. As unrest grew, he faced a popular uprising against his rule. On 26 October 1947, under pressure and amidst chaos, he signed the Instrument of Accession to India, which many argue was done under duress. In October 1947, tribals from Pakistan entered Kashmir to protect their Muslim brethren from Dogra forces. This invasion was later framed by India as a foreign incursion, justifying military intervention. On 27 October, Indian troops were airlifted into Srinagar, marking an illegal occupation and categorizing this day as ‘Black Day’.
Global players have largely failed to mediate effectively in the Kashmir dispute despite its significance in South Asian geopolitics.
Historically, India took the Kashmir issue to the United Nations, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru promising a plebiscite to ascertain the will of the Kashmiri people. However, this promise remains unfulfilled still, leading to ongoing tensions.
The Partition Plan allowed princely states to choose their allegiance. While other states like Hyderabad and Junagarh faced similar dilemmas, Kashmir’s accession remains contentious due to its Muslim majority population. The legitimacy of the Instrument of Accession is hotly debated. India insists it is a legal agreement and views the accession as binding and legal. However, it was signed under coercion. Pakistan contests its validity based on Kashmir’s demographics (Muslim Majority) and the circumstances surrounding its signing.
The United Nations intervened in 1948 with resolutions calling for a plebiscite in Kashmir. These resolutions aimed to allow Kashmiris to decide their future but have never been implemented. The failure to conduct a plebiscite stems from India’s reluctance to withdraw troops has perpetuated instability. The lack of resolution has led to prolonged suffering for ordinary Kashmiris, who face daily violence and repression under barbaric and ferocious Indian rule.
In August 2019, India revoked Article 370, bifurcating Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories-Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. This move sparked widespread protests and international condemnation as it altered the region’s demographic landscape. Article 370 granted Jammu and Kashmir special status within India, allowing for autonomy in governance. This provision was crucial for maintaining regional identity and rights. This revocation intensified unrest in Kashmir, leading to increased military presence and crackdowns on dissent. Recent elections in the disputed region were also aimed to project that the situation is normal whereas the ground realities tend to differ.
Veteran Kashmiri Idealogue Syed Ali Geelani articulated, “India without any constitutional and moral justifications forcibly occupied the state of Jammu & Kashmir and since then this army is mercilessly killing the innocent and unarmed Kashmiris, vandalizing their properties and raping their daughters and sisters”. Kashmir is one of the most militarized regions globally, with over one million troops deployed. Ordinary citizens live under constant surveillance, curfews, and internet blackouts. Reports from organizations like Amnesty International detail severe human rights abuses: enforced disappearances, arbitrary detentions, rapes and extrajudicial killings are rampant. Families recount harrowing stories of loss due to state-backed violence.
Global Players have largely failed to mediate effectively in the Kashmir dispute despite its significance in South Asian geopolitics. The lack of resolution has implications for regional stability.
Kashmir remains a flashpoint between nuclear-armed neighbours Pakistan and India, with international interest in preventing conflict escalation. Repeated attempts at dialogue have stalled due to entrenched positions on both sides. Confidence-building measures have been undermined by ongoing violence and atrocities in IIOJK by the tyrannical Hindu regime.
27 October serves as a day of mourning for many Kashmiri families who have lost loved ones due to conflict. It encapsulates a complex history marked by struggle, resilience, and hope among its people. Kashmiris view this day as a catalyst for their struggle for self-determination. Excerpts from the statement of Syed Ali Geelani on the occasion of Black Day in 2013 remain pertinent, “This day is an inauspicious day in the history of Kashmir when forcibly we were made slaves.
Till 1947 Jammu and Kashmir was a free and sovereign state and as per the principles laid for the partition between India and Pakistan, it is clear that Kashmir is not in any way a part of India however India with its dint of might forcibly occupied and landed its troops in Kashmir and turned it into their colony. The people of Kashmir must convey a message on 27th October to the world that they would never acknowledge the ‘forced occupation’ and will pursue the freedom struggle till the last trooper leaves Jammu and Kashmir”.
Think global and act local: Pakistan's SDGs challenge
By: Dr Shahid Hussain Kamboyo | October 28, 2024
Courtesy : The Express Tribune
The SDGs revolve around five core themes, often called the "5 P's"Planet, People, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership. Each theme is interconnected, with the protection of the planet's natural resources and climate sustainability being key to eradicating poverty and hunger. This, in turn, fosters peace, justice and social inclusion. Achieving these goals necessitates partnerships across all levels of society.
A significant challenge for Pakistan is the lack of local involvement. While SDGs Service Delivery Units exist, their reach often does not extend beyond designated areas. A 2019 report by Gold V pointed out the absence of local government representation in the SDGs framework, underscoring a critical flaw. Local governments, which are closest to communities, are frequently excluded from planning and decision-making processes. An international conference in 2018 titled "Think Global, Act Local - SDG Implementation through Local Governments" stressed the importance of empowering local councils, yet significant progress is still needed.
Former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon remarked, "Development is domestic like politics," highlighting the necessity of local engagement in driving sustainable development. Local governments directly address issues such as clean water, education and economic growth - core aspects of the SDGs. Empowering these local bodies ensures that marginalised and vulnerable communities are included in the decision-making process, helping to align global goals with local realities.
Looking at other developing nations can provide valuable lessons for Pakistan. For instance, Rwanda, ranked 90th in the 2024 SDGs Index, has successfully implemented a bottom-up governance model that engages local communities in the SDGs agenda. Similarly, Bangladesh (ranked 107th) and Kenya (ranked 123rd) have utilised decentralised governance to enhance community participation in development initiatives. Countries like Bhutan (61st), Maldives (67th), Sri Lanka (93rd) and Nepal (95th) also showcase successful localised approaches to achieving the SDGs.
For Pakistan, a major obstacle is that local governments lack sufficient financial and administrative autonomy to effectively execute SDG-related programmes. Although the Constitution of 1973 guarantees the devolution of power, many local councils remain under-resourced and have little authority to make decisions on key development issues, which hinders progress. For future development, the role of SDGs is crucial in boosting local-level development, as they are based on approaches that connect people, the planet and the environment. This necessitates that all governments and institutions prioritise people at the centre of development efforts. Most SDG targets relate directly to localities and their welfare; thus, localisation can serve as a change agent to align global goals with local communities.
There is a dire need to raise awareness among the masses regarding the significance of the SDGs. Even individuals in higher forums often lack an understanding of the SDGs' true spirit. Recently, I attended the Leaders Fellowship 2024 in the Maldives from October 10 to October 13, focusing on SDGs. This event gathered over 40 participants from diverse nationalities, sharing various experiences related to the SDGs. However, a noticeable gap in relevant and specific knowledge regarding the implementation and localisation of SDGs worldwide highlighted the pressing need for focused discussions and training on how different countries can effectively localise and implement these global goals.
Local councillors, being locally mandated, can emerge as true parliamentarians who lead from the grassroots. They understand local culture, identify specific obstacles, reach out to marginalised communities, ensure participation without discrimination, facilitate public-private partnerships and address local grievances. Their pivotal role can significantly uplift communities through local taxation. Local government, being the closest level to the people, is the first line of response and must create ownership and awareness among the masses to achieve the globally agreed agenda.
To address the challenges of local governance in Pakistan, it is essential to strengthen local governments by devolving the financial and administrative powers. Lessons from Rwanda, Kenya and India illustrate that when local authorities have autonomy, they can develop tailored solutions addressing specific community needs. Raising public awareness about the SDGs is also critical. Countries like Bangladesh have successfully mobilised local communities through awareness campaigns, ensuring citizens understand their role in sustainable development. Encouraging public-private partnerships (PPPs) is another vital strategy. In Ghana, such partnerships have driven progress in sectors like renewable energy and education. By involving the private sector, Pakistan can harness additional resources and expertise to meet its development goals, particularly at the local level. Additionally, community-led monitoring systems can help track SDG progress. Uganda has implemented a community scorecard system, enabling citizens to provide feedback on local government services and development projects. This kind of bottom-up monitoring ensures greater accountability and transparency, which are critical for achieving the SDGs.
Pakistan's success in achieving the SDGs will depend on moving away from a top-down approach and embracing local empowerment. By fostering local ownership, building partnerships and creating robust monitoring systems, Pakistan can make meaningful strides toward achieving these global goals. The slogan "Think Global, Act Local" is not just rhetoric - it is a necessary strategy to ensure that no one is left behind.
Modi’s Mussalman problem
By: Shahid Javed Burki | October 28, 2024
Courtesy : The Express Tribune
This began to change, first gradually and then quickly as Prime Minister Narendra Modi gained political power. Modi, after having served as the Chief Minister of Gujarat in India’s west, became prime minister in 2014. By winning the majority of seats in Lok Sabah, the lower house of the Indian parliament, Modi’s Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) was able to form a government of its own. Previous administrations were coalitions of several parties with Congress in the lead. Coalition rule means accommodating different points of view. When the government is based on one party, it follows that party’s philosophy of governance. That has happened in India.
Modi came to Delhi with a reputation of being a Hindu communal leader. In 2002, a fire in a train killed 59 Hindu pilgrims. Although there was uncertainty about the cause of the fire, violent Hindu mobs targeted the Muslim community, leaving more than 1,000 people dead, several burned alive. Modi as Chief Minister could have prevented the slaughter, but he looked the other way, allowing the mob to pick up Muslims from their houses.
By winning a larger majority in the 2019 elections compared to 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the BJP, decided that India was ready to adopt Hindutva as the governing philosophy. This approach held that India was a Hindu nation and should, therefore, base governance on the Hindutva concept of governing. Adopting that as the governing approach, India began to give low status to minority religions even when their numbers were large as was the case with the Muslim population. In 2021, the number of Muslims were estimated at 200 million in a population of 1.4 billion people.
Hindu extremists in Indian politics sharpened their attacks on Muslims, encouraged by senior functionaries in the Modi government and the BJP. According to a report filed on February 8, 2022, by The New York Times journalists from the city of Haridwar, “before a packed audience and thousands watching online, the monks called for violence against the country’s minority Muslims. The monks’ speeches in one of the holiest cities of the country promoted a genocidal campaign to ‘kill two million of them’ and urged an ethnic cleansing of the type that targeted Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar.” The event was organised by Yati Narsinghanand, a Hindu extremist, who continued to make speeches that were regarded as spreading hate. He saw India’s Muslims who account for 15 per cent of the country’s population as the enemies of the Hindu state and, given their higher birth rate compared to the Indian average, would turn India into a Muslim state within a decade.
Once regarded as fringe elements in Indian politics, the extremists were more blatantly taking their message into the mainstream. This provoked hate in a push to reshape India’s constitutionally protected secular republic into a Hindu state. Modi and his top leaders chose to remain silent. “You have persons giving a hate speech, actually calling for genocide of an entire group, and we find reluctance of the authorities to book these people,” Rohinton Fali Nariman, a recently retired Indian Supreme Court judge, said in public lecture. “Unfortunately, the other higher echelons of the ruling party are not only being silent on hate speech, but almost endorsing it.”
Hindu extremists celebrated Nathuram Godse, Mahatma Gandhi’s assassin. Pooja Sahkun Pandey, a monk at the Haridwar temple, held reenactments of Gandhi’s assassination, firing a bullet into his effigy as blood ran down. Godse was member of the Rashtriya Swamyamsevak Sangh, RSS, a century old right wing Hindu group that borrowed heavily from the Nazi Party in Germany. Modi is also a member of the RSS. The current campaign was led by Narsinghananad, an extremist, who gained attention following the adoption by the parliament of a citizenship amendment seen as discriminatory against Muslims. When the Muslim community protested, Narsinghananad called for violence using the language of a “final battle”. He had no problem encouraging his followers to murder Muslims. “They are Jihadis and we will have to finish them off.” His agenda and of those who agreed with him was to rewrite the Indian political system. “This Constitution will be the end of Hindus, all one billion Hindus,” he said in one address. “Whoever believes in this system, in this Supreme Court, in these politicians, in this Constitution, in this army and police — they will die a dog’s death.”
The tension between Hinduism and Islam in India has been increasing since the arrival of Narendra Modi in the prime minister’s residence. He has used the ownership of places of worship as one way of exciting Hindus against the Muslim community. It was his party’s campaign that led to a crowd of Hindus to demolish the Babri mosque built at a place called Ayodhya in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The Indian Supreme Court awarded to the Hindu community the land on which the mosque was build centuries ago. A large temple was built on that land. There is now another dispute concerning a 17th century mosque called Gyan Vapi in Varanasi, Hinduism’s holiest city. A court found a relic of a Hindu deity on its premises. The area was sealed by the order of the court and large prayer gatherings were banned.
The Hindu efforts to reclaim Muslim places of worship aren’t primarily about litigating about the past, experts say. “For Hindu nationalists, there is no place for Muslims in India’s future except as oppressed, second-class citizens whose rights are routinely denied,” said Audrey Truschke, a professor of South Asian history at Rutgers University. A local Indian scholar expressed the same kind of view. The Hindu nationalist view of history is “extremely prejudiced and totally motivated by the desire to inculcate blind pride in oneself and blind hatred of the other,” said Tanika Sarkar, a historian who taught at New Delhi’s Jawaharlal Nehru University.
Kashmir: The way forward
By: Ayesha Arif Khan | October 28, 2024
Courtesy : The News International
October 27, a day of solemn remembrance-looms large, primarily owing to the 1947 breach by Indian soldiers violating the territorial bounds of Kashmir, landing in Srinagar to illegally occupy the territory and subjugate the people of Kashmir in clear violation of international law and humanitarian norms – signalling the beginning of decades of unrest.
For those in Occupied Kashmir and throughout Pakistan this day is truly a ‘Black Day’. Every year, the valley comes alive with stories of optimism, calls for freedom, and aspirations of a future unfettered from the shackles of occupation as the day comes near.
On August 5, 2019, things took a turn for the worse. A brooding storm wreaked havoc when the Indian government abrogated Articles 370 and 35A, repealing Occupied Kashmir of its special status and incorporation into the larger framework of the Indian constitution, which simply put meant the beginning of a metaphorical end – a meagre hope for a stable future and a present with dignified liberty was thus stripped away.
An avalanche of subjugation accompanied the news that shook Kashmir to its core. The very essence of human rights – those sacred threads weaving the fabric of humanity – began to fray. The air grew thick with fear as dissenting voices encountered stifling glares. The echoes of silence served as a chilling reminder that the struggle for freedom is not only a legal battle but an internal one, where the ember of hope must be protected against the unyielding winds of oppression.
As a juggernaut gripped the valley and all of Pakistan, the families in the valley gathered to explore the ramifications of a new era in which previously protected rights appeared to disappear like mist in the early sun. Pakistan, deeply rooted to the Kashmir cause, is insistent on finding a way through this glaring infringement of fundamental rights.
In the shadow of historical tensions and unresolved conflicts, the path forward for neighbouring rival nations lies in fostering dialogue and mutual understanding.
Pakistan could enhance its diplomatic efforts to garner international support for the Kashmiri cause, emphasising human rights violations and the need for a peaceful resolution and a right to self-determination for the people of Kashmir. Engaging with global powers and organisations may help raise awareness and pressure for dialogue. This can be undertaken as a pivotal task by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as well as by parliamentary committees.
An additional effort must be made to amplify the voices of Kashmiris in any discussions about their future. Both Pakistan and international organisations should prioritise monitoring and reporting on human rights conditions in Occupied Kashmir. Advocacy for humanitarian assistance and the protection of civil liberties can help alleviate the suffering of the Kashmiri people.
Initiating backchannel dialogues with India could open avenues for discussions on Occupied Kashmir. Establishing a framework for negotiations that includes all stakeholders, particularly Kashmiris, may foster a more constructive environment. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting can step in to project the Kashmir cause through a multitude of mediums.
Fostering cultural exchanges connects diverse communities through shared experiences and mutual understanding – a means by which Kashmiris can be humanised and made relatable to the demography of India.
Students from different backgrounds coming together to explore each other’s histories, arts, and traditions enriches everyone involved. These interactions dispel barriers and misconceptions. As relations thaw and knowledge deepens, a foundation of trust is established, paving the way for collaboration and peaceful coexistence.
Pakistan laments the plight of Kashmir but it also recognises the need for regional stability and collective cooperation. By pursuing the avenues discussed, there is potential for a more constructive resolution to the Kashmir issue.
Ultimately, a peaceful resolution to the Kashmir issue, where Kashmiris are granted the right of self-determination would not only benefit the two nations but also contribute to broader regional security and prosperity.
27 Oct 1947: A dark day in Kashmir’s history
By: Rana Zahid Iqbal | October 26, 2024
Courtesy : Pakistan Observer
THE treatment of the paradise-like valley of Kashmir and its people by the stubborn, extremist Hindu rulers of India is a glaring example of global bias. Otherwise, it would be impossible for the international community, which claims to champion humanity, to refrain from addressing India’s state terrorism. It should be the duty of the global community, human rights advocates and the United Nations to fulfil their promises to the people of Indian-occupied Kashmir.
On the occasion of October 27, we will tell the international community and especially the Indian government that the time has come to grant the Kashmiris, who have been exploited and kept in chains of slavery for 77 years, their right to self-determination so they can live as they wish. October 27 is a day to renew our pledge. Until Kashmir and its people gain their freedom, Black Day will remain a stain on the conscience of those self-proclaimed and biased custodians of humanity.
Not a single day passes in the state of Jammu and Kashmir without unarmed and innocent Kashmiris facing brutality and state oppression at the hands of the occupying Indian army and the local puppet government. These atrocities by India have been ongoing since the partition of the subcontinent, but Modi’s government has broken all past records. Indian state terrorism in the occupied valley is now at its peak. The whole world is well aware that the people of occupied Jammu and Kashmir are engaged in a peaceful political struggle for their right to self-determination. These defenceless and peace-loving people simply want the right to decide their political future which is undoubtedly a legitimate and legal demand.
The Kashmiri people are fighting for the restoration of their basic rights, guaranteed by the United Nations and the Human Rights Commission. In such circumstances, the oppressed Kashmiris have the right to ask where the international community, the so-called champions of human rights, is and when the global conscience will awaken. Jurists from Grotius to the present agree that if a state denies its citizens basic human rights, safety, and freedom of religion and conscience, other states have the right to intervene. The UN Charter’s preamble affirms the international community’s commitment to human rights, dignity, and global peace. Article 1 outlines the UN’s objectives, including promoting human rights, self-determination, and freedom, urging global action and cooperation.
Under Article 13, the General Assembly is tasked with studying and making recommendations for achieving these goals and encouraging nations to follow them. Since the UN Charter is an agreement between its member states, it is legally binding for them to respect and promote human rights and the right to self-determination. Jammu and Kashmir today is a challenge for global conscience, and every country in world has the legal and moral right to intervene in Jammu and Kashmir and take punitive action against India.
India’s nuclear program: Safety and security concerns
By: Asad Ali | October 26, 2024
Courtesy : Pakistan Observer
INDIA’S nuclear ambitions have long attracted regional and international interest. Since its first successful nuclear test in 1974, India has steadily built its nuclear arsenal and infrastructure, positioning itself as a significant player in the global nuclear landscape. However, concerns about the safety, security and oversight of India’s nuclear program are raising alarm bells not only among neighbouring countries but also within the international community. Worries include the possibility of nuclear material falling into the wrong hands and the potential misuse of India’s growing nuclear technology. Adding to these concerns is the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) increasing scrutiny of India’s activities, particularly regarding its financial governance and connections to nuclear proliferation. As these concerns grow, it is crucial to question whether India’s nuclear program is truly as safe and secure as it claims. India’s nuclear infrastructure is expansive, encompassing both civilian and military applications. Despite this, India has yet to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which many countries rely on as a safeguard for global nuclear stability. Without such commitments, India’s nuclear activities remain opaque, lacking the level of transparency that global nuclear watchdogs deem essential for ensuring safety.
Several instances have cast doubt on the safety of India’s nuclear facilities. Reports have emerged of mishandling radioactive material, leading to accidents that have put both workers and civilians at risk. In 2014, a major radioactive leak occurred at India’s Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant, raising alarm about the country’s safety protocols. Although Indian officials downplayed the incident, it highlighted systemic problems within India’s nuclear safety regime. Moreover, personnel at Indian nuclear plants have reportedly been exposed to dangerous levels of radiation due to inadequate safety measures, raising questions about India’s ability to protect its citizens from the hazards of its nuclear activities. Further compounding these safety concerns is the lack of proper oversight and regulatory independence. India’s Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), tasked with overseeing nuclear safety, is under the direct control of the Department of Atomic Energy, which operates India’s nuclear facilities. This conflict of interest prevents the AERB from functioning as an independent watchdog and inhibits its ability to enforce safety regulations effectively. With such issues at the heart of India’s nuclear framework, the international community has every reason to be concerned about the safety and security of India’s nuclear program.
In addition to concerns about nuclear safety, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has increasingly scrutinized India’s financial actions, particularly regarding terrorism financing and the risks of nuclear proliferation. While FATF’s primary focus has historically been on ensuring that countries adhere to financial standards to combat money laundering and terrorism financing, it has become more concerned about how certain states, including India, might be inadvertently—or deliberately—facilitating the flow of funds that could be used for nuclear proliferation activities. Moreover, India’s growing nuclear cooperation with countries like Israel, which is itself not a signatory to the NPT, raises red flags. While these partnerships are framed as efforts to bolster energy security or defense capabilities, they also blur the lines between civilian and military nuclear applications, making it harder for international regulators to ensure that nuclear technologies are not diverted toward unsanctioned uses.
FATF’s concerns also extend to India’s financial infrastructure, which may not be equipped to handle the complexities of tracking and regulating nuclear-related transactions. Given that India has received billions in defense-related deals and nuclear cooperation agreements, the possibility of funds being misused for illegal or dangerous purposes cannot be ruled out. These concerns are heightened by India’s complex and often opaque financial systems, which are not immune to corruption and money laundering, further raising the stakes in the global arena. India’s nuclear program is not just an internal issue but a matter of significant regional concern. Pakistan, India’s nuclear-armed neighbour, has repeatedly expressed worries about the safety and intentions behind India’s nuclear advancements. Pakistan, too, faces international scrutiny for its nuclear program, but it remains deeply concerned that any misstep by India could lead to catastrophic consequences for the region.
Furthermore, India’s strained relations with China, another nuclear power, add to the precarious nature of the region’s security environment. Any potential escalation between India and its nuclear-armed neighbours increases the risk of miscalculations that could spiral into a full-blown nuclear conflict. With both China and Pakistan watching India’s nuclear moves closely, the international community has a vested interest in ensuring that India’s nuclear activities are transparent, safe and secure. India’s nuclear program, while significant, is fraught with concerns over safety, security and international oversight. With FATF increasingly scrutinizing India’s actions and the global community worried about the potential for nuclear proliferation, it is crucial for India to take concrete steps toward greater accountability. Only through transparent cooperation, both regionally and internationally, can India mitigate the growing fears surrounding its nuclear ambitions and ensure that its nuclear program does not pose a threat to global security.
Pakistan as a global hub
By: Dr Sahibzada Ali Mahmud | October 26, 2024
Courtesy : The News International
In today’s hyper-connected world, the concept of airport cities, or aerotropolises, offers Pakistan a transformative opportunity to position itself as a global hub for innovation, economic activity, and cultural exchange.
By creating visa-free entry zones regulated through technology, these airport-centred cities could become thriving ecosystems that encourage collaboration, investment, and creativity, while also showcasing Pakistan’s rich cultural heritage.
An aerotropolis is a modern city built around an airport, designed to serve as a hub for business, commerce, and tourism. These cities offer a concentrated environment where industries, startups, and digital enterprises can thrive, leveraging proximity to international transport links to accelerate growth. For Pakistan, the establishment of aerotropolises would be a groundbreaking step toward integrating its economy with the global market while fostering local innovation and development.
One of the most exciting features of these aerotropolises would be the implementation of visa-free entry within its boundaries. This policy would eliminate the traditional barriers associated with international travel, such as lengthy visa processes, allowing global visitors, investors, and entrepreneurs to easily enter Pakistan’s aerotropolis zones.
Access would be efficiently managed through advanced technology like RFID-based systems and biometric controls, ensuring security while facilitating a smooth entry process. By simplifying access, Pakistan can position itself as a welcoming, business-friendly destination, which would significantly boost tourism, business, and foreign investment. This open-door policy would not only enhance Pakistan’s global reputation but also offer local businesses and innovators greater exposure to international markets and partners.
At the heart of these aerotropolises would be vibrant ecosystems designed to nurture creativity and entrepreneurship. Purpose-built co-working spaces would allow professionals, both local and international, to collaborate and innovate. These zones would be equipped with cutting-edge infrastructure, enabling the rapid development of tech startups, digital enterprises, and other knowledge-based businesses. By bringing together talent from diverse fields, these hubs would drive forward-thinking solutions across a range of industries.
Pakistan’s aerotropolises could become central nodes in the global digital economy, housing both established digital enterprises and emerging startups. These zones could serve as breeding grounds for tech innovation, enabling Pakistani entrepreneurs to work side by side with international experts. From fintech to AI, blockchain to e-commerce, the aerotropolis would create a fertile environment for digital transformation and technological advancement.
The inclusion of incubation centres would also provide young startups with the mentorship, funding, and networks needed to succeed. By nurturing these businesses, Pakistan would not only foster homegrown talent but also attract foreign entrepreneurs looking for a base in a fast-growing economy. Beyond traditional business sectors, these airport cities can also tap into the rapidly growing e-sports and digital entertainment industries.
The construction of state-of-the-art e-gaming arenas would allow Pakistan to host international gaming tournaments, drawing participants and audiences from around the globe. The inclusion of immersive digital experiences, such as virtual reality gaming and augmented reality displays, could provide a cutting-edge entertainment offering that sets the aerotropolis apart from traditional urban developments.
While an aerotropolis would be a hub of innovation and business, it would also serve as a cultural showcase for Pakistan’s rich heritage. Visitors would have access to immersive virtual experiences that bring the country’s most famous tourist attractions to life. Through advanced virtual reality setups, travelers could take interactive tours of Pakistan’s ancient historical sites, such as Mohenjo-Daro, Badshahi Masjid, or the breathtaking Hunza Valley, without leaving the aerotropolis. This would not only promote tourism across the country but also offer visitors a unique cultural experience unlike any other. Furthermore, specialized immersive virtual tours can be provided for purposes of religious tourism e.g. Buddhist sites in Pakistan.
In addition to digital tourism, cultural centres within the aerotropolises would offer real-world experiences with traditional Pakistani cuisine, handicrafts, and cultural performances. These centres would highlight the diversity and richness of Pakistan’s regions. Such experiences would provide a holistic view of the country’s heritage, encouraging tourists to explore beyond the aerotropolis and into Pakistan’s vibrant landscapes and communities.
Foreign direct investment would be a key driver of growth in these aerotropolises. By offering streamlined, one-window facilitation services for setting up businesses, these cities would remove the bureaucratic hurdles that often slow down investment. International companies and digital enterprises could easily establish operations within the aerotropolis, benefiting from visa-free access, modern infrastructure, and a highly skilled talent pool. Whether they are looking to set up a regional office, manufacturing facility, or digital platform, an aerotropolis would provide an attractive, low-risk environment for foreign investors.
As part of Pakistan’s vision for a secure and efficient aerotropolis, technology would play a crucial role in regulating access and maintaining security. RFID-based access control, biometric verification, IoT networks, and AI-powered surveillance systems would ensure that only authorized personnel and visitors can enter restricted zones. These smart security measures would be complemented by energy-efficient infrastructure, integrating renewable energy sources and sustainable practices to create eco-friendly, smart cities.
The use of smart city technologies would also enable these airport cities to optimize resource usage, improve traffic management, and offer high-quality public services in a seamless, tech-enabled environment. This integration of technology would not only ensure operational efficiency but also set a new benchmark for sustainable urban development in Pakistan.
These aerotropolises would become hotspots for international conferences, trade expos, and cultural events, serving as platforms for global dialogue and collaboration. Whether hosting a global AI summit, a clean energy expo, or an international cultural festival, these airport cities would provide a gateway for Pakistan to engage with the world.
Visa-free access and modern infrastructure would make it easier than ever for global thought leaders, entrepreneurs, and investors to converge in Pakistan, driving in-person interactions and fostering partnerships across industries. These events would also offer Pakistan an opportunity to showcase its progress in emerging technologies and sustainability practices, further enhancing its standing on the world stage.
Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Can Pakistan’s aviation industry embrace the green revolution?
By: Naba Fatima | October 26, 2024
Courtesy : Pakistan Today
As the aviation industry continues to expand globally, the pressing need for its transition to greener operations can no longer be regarded as a distant concern. The European Commission’s stark warning that aviation emissions could triple by 2050 has ignited a global push for sustainable solutions, with major companies like Airbus leading the charge.
At the core of this drive lies Sustainable Aviation Fuels, heralded as a pivotal solution for the aviation industry’s carbon-neutral future. However, keeping in view the economic and technological constraints, the question is whether Pakistan’s aviation industry can embrace the green revolution.
SAFs represent a significant advancement in the decarbonisation of the aviation industry. Unlike conventional fuels, SAFs are produced from renewable feedstocks such as agricultural wastes, municipal solid waste, and energy crops. The lifecycle emissions of SAFs can be up to 80 percent lower than fossil fuels, making them a game-changer for the aviation industry. Despite their environmental benefits, SAFs are two to three times more expensive than the traditional jet fuels.
This cost difference, accompanied by limited production capacity has regressed the global uptake of SAFs. In 2023, SAFs accounted for just three percent of total aviation fuel consumption, a far cry from the levels needed to meet the industry’s decarbonisation goals. Under the given circumstances, a green revolution in Pakistan’s aviation industry is a gigantic challenge.
For a greener aviation future, Pakistan’s Civil Aviation Authority (CCA) is making significant strides by collaborating with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), establishing National Environmental Quality Standards, and emphasising environmentally sustainable airports. Although the aviation industry is moving in the right direction, the challenges are huge and the progress is slow.
One of the major challenges to widespread SAF adoption in Pakistan is their high cost. Airlines already struggling with financial constraints are hesitant to bear the additional expenses. Similarly, middle class passengers, who make a significant portion of the customer base, would likely resist any further increase in ticket prices. To combat this impediment, the government can subsidise SAFs or provide direct financial support to airlines that use these fuels.
Additionally, international financing through green climate funds can be explored to subsidise SAF production and usage. However, these solutions come with their own challenges. Government subsidies can strain an already stretched national budget and securing international funding often involves lengthy processes.
In a nutshell, while the potential of SAFs to revolutionise the aviation industry is undeniable, Pakistan’s ability to fully adopt this green revolution remains challenging. The economic, infrastructural, and technological challenges are significant, but not insurmountable. With the right blend of government policy, international collaboration, and gradual investment in SAF infrastructure, Pakistan will take sustainable strides towards a sustainable aviation future. Pakistan needs to align itself with global decarbonisation efforts by developing domestic capacity thus offering hope for a greener tomorrow.
To resolve these impediments, Pakistan can opt for piloting SAFs adoption on a small scale, gradually expanding its use as cost-effective production technology, further enhancing its accessibility. Nevertheless, instead of securing international funds, an alternative could be to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from Multinational Corporations. By offering investment incentives in Special Economic Zones having airports and relaxing regulatory hurdles through the Special Investment Facilitation Council, Pakistan can create investment opportunities for MNCs.
Another challenge for regulating SAFs’ adaptation in Pakistan is the absence of domestic production plants, along with the lack of an effective mechanism for collecting feedstock. Without an established industry for SAF production, Pakistan would be completely dependent on expensive imports, further escalating costs and limiting adoption. Furthermore, the development of an indigenous SAF production industry requires technological expertise and infrastructure.
To address these impediments, the Ministry of Aviation needs to formulate a policy that encourages public-private partnerships (PPP) and international collaborations with countries that are in the forefront of SAF production. By partnering with established global players like Total Energies and SINOPEC that have recently signed a joint venture, Pakistan can leverage their expertise in SAF production, technology sharing, and establishing a service mechanism. This will also lead to identifying local refineries capable of conversion and participating with international companies to develop production units that process local waste.
In a nutshell, while the potential of SAFs to revolutionise the aviation industry is undeniable, Pakistan’s ability to fully adopt this green revolution remains challenging. The economic, infrastructural, and technological challenges are significant, but not insurmountable. With the right blend of government policy, international collaboration, and gradual investment in SAF infrastructure, Pakistan will take sustainable strides towards a sustainable aviation future. Pakistan needs to align itself with global decarbonisation efforts by developing domestic capacity thus offering hope for a greener tomorrow.
Eastward shifts in emerging global trends from SCO and BRICS summits
By: Tehzeeb Hussain Bercha | October 26, 2024
Courtesy : Pakistan Today
The recently concluded Shanghai Corporation Organization Summit in Islamabad, Pakistan, and the BRICS summit in Kazan, Russia, has captured the attention of the world’s geopolitical pundits, and herald a titanic shift in global power dynamics, international alliances, and economic policies.
These high-level meetings underscore China and Russia’s growing influence not only in Eurasia and Central Asia but across all continents. The increasing collaboration and partnership between countries through these multilateral organizations presents an alternative framework to the traditional UN system, and a platform for nations to collectively address political, social, economic and security issues on the global level.
Pakistan accomplished a noteworthy diplomatic milestone by successfully hosting the SCO Summit, reaffirming its strategic relevance in South Asia and Eurasia. The presence of leaders from all 10 SCO member states, including India’s Foreign Minister, S. Jaishankar, marked a historic moment. It was the first visit of an Indian foreign minister to Pakistan in nearly nine years, demonstrating SCO’s potential to bridge gaps between the neighboring South Asian arch-rivals.
Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin’s participation at the SCO summit in Pakistan and the subsequent talks with his Pakistani counterpart has strengthened Pakistan’s case for joining BRICS, which will help in integrating the country into the emerging multipolar world order that BRICS champions.
Meanwhile, the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia, presented itself as a counterweight to the West-led world politics and trade. The conference saw key world leaders from across the continents united under one banner, including Russia’s Vladimir Putin, China’s Xi Jinping, India’s Narendra Modi, South Africa’s Cyril Ramaphosa, and Brazil’s Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, to discuss the future of global governance. The inclusion of new BRICS members, such as Egypt, Iran, Ethiopia, and the UAE, hinted at the bloc’s growing clout in the Middle East and Africa. The summit reinforced BRICS’ commitment to promoting a multipolar world, offering an alternative to Western-dominated institutions and alliances. The prime objective proposed by Putin at the conference was the de-dollarization of world trade and the introduction of new payment methods via commercial banks linked to each other through the central BRICS Banks.
Both the SCO and BRICS are crucial platforms to challenge the dominance of Western-centric alliances like QUAD, AUKUS, NATO, and the G7. Each year, these organizations grow in strength and role, offering nations around the globe a vision of a fairer and more balanced world order. Recent summits have illustrated that China and Russia are emerging as key powers in world politics, particularly in Eurasia, Central Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. These regions have historically played a central role in altering global political quagmires due to their strategic importance, abundance of natural resources and untapped economic potential, and their alignment and support will be key for any future world order.
The SCO and BRICS are crucial for China to expand its role across Asia, Europe and Central Asia. China aims to achieve its strategic goals through infrastructure development, trade partnerships and investment initiatives in these regions, as opposed to the Western jingoistic schemes for dominance in world politics. These platforms are offering a helping hand to China in shaping a new global economic and geopolitical framework, which will be fairer than the incumbent order. Russia, on the other hand, sees the SCO as an indispensable organ for enhancing its security arrangements in Central Asia, especially in the wake of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan and the ongoing Ukraine fiasco. Moscow continues to prioritize counterterrorism and security cooperation within the SCO, which will ensure that Central Asia remains within its sphere of influence and that NATO’s menacing influence in the region is curtailed.
As the world is in the transition phase towards a multipolar order, the relevance of SCO and BRICS is growing more than ever. These forums offer a robust counterbalance to the Western alliances, embodying the thirst for a more equitable world. Through economic sovereignty, political realignment, and sustainable development, China and Russia are spearheading the creation of a new global order.
The world currently faces a plethora of Western-produced challenges, from the humanitarian crises in Palestine and Lebanon to the various trade disruptions caused by Western sanctions on countries pursuing independent foreign policies. Moreover, the threat of nuclear escalation and the global instability caused by unjust Western sanctions, remain key concerns for the Third-World countries. However, BRICS and SCO offer hope for the nations of Eurasia and South Asia to assert their role in international politics, providing more economic opportunities, robust trade and investment systems, and deeper regional connectivity.
The SCO and BRICS summits reflect a clear shift in the trajectory of world politics towards a multipolar global order in which China and Russia play pivotal roles. By creating parallel financial systems to the incumbent methods, securing energy independence and ensuring regional stability, these countries present a formidable challenge to Western dominance. As Pakistan reaffirmed its ties with the SCO in the recent summit, future talks will likely focus on deepening economic integration and enhancing security collaboration.
As the SCO and BRICS are natural companions with almost identical ideological inclinations and world views, they should try to share more common goals and put efforts into achieving them collectively. While BRICS is primarily interested in challenging the West’s dominance in finance and trade, SCO is focused on security and regional stability. As sister organizations, SCO and BRICS should forge a way to help each other achieve their shared goals. Only through cooperation and support, these organizations can pose serious challenges to the dominance of the West-led alliances like NATO, AUKUS, QUAD, and G-7.
It is also crucial to understand that some world powers have launched campaigns to preserve the Western-led world order, seeking to consolidate benefits for the few developed countries of the West. A rather naïve and misleading propaganda peddled by some sections of the Western media, that the West and the USA’s dominance in world politics has ended, also adds to the ambiguity in the world political landscape. If left unchecked and unaddressed, those tendencies have the capacity to undermine the collaborative efforts that SCO and BRICS advocate, and may also help in the continuation of these hegemonic powers’ sway over world politics and trade.
In order to be regarded as a trusted and respected organization at the world level, the SCO must keep a respectable distance from the pitfalls of Western alliances that underlie conceit, self-proclaimed superiority, and inflexible approach to geopolitics. Instead, the SCO has to epitomize mutual cooperation in trade, geopolitics, and other aspects of international relations, which will benefit not only its member countries but the whole world.
As the world is in the transition phase towards a multipolar order, the relevance of SCO and BRICS is growing more than ever. These forums offer a robust counterbalance to the Western alliances, embodying the thirst for a more equitable world. Through economic sovereignty, political realignment, and sustainable development, China and Russia are spearheading the creation of a new global order.
Indo-Pak ties: the illusion of diplomacy at SCO Summit
By: Gulab Umid | October 26, 2024
Courtesy : The Express Tribune
India's motives for attending the summit were not grounded in any desire for reconciliation. Instead, New Delhi's focus was strategic. India has long been seeking trade access to Central Asia, but Pakistan, citing the ongoing Kashmir dispute, has consistently refused to grant India transit trade rights. For Pakistan, this refusal is about more than just Kashmir - it's about safeguarding its own economic ambitions in the region. Opening up to Indian trade would be a strategic misstep, allowing India to dominate Central Asia, a market Pakistan also covets.
Beyond trade, India's participation in the summit was also driven by its desire to counter China's growing influence in the region. As tensions between India and China escalate, India has no intention of allowing Beijing to dominate platforms like the SCO without competition. By attending, India ensured that China would not have free rein to push its regional agenda. While Pakistan chose diplomatic restraint by not spotlighting Kashmir, India used the opportunity to reiterate its opposition to China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which passes through Pakistan-administered Kashmir, a region India claims as its own.
India's objections to the BRI are not merely economic - they are deeply strategic. By opposing the project, India is not only challenging China's influence but also reinforcing its territorial claims on the global stage. This presents a major diplomatic hurdle for Pakistan, as India continues to assert its narrative on international platforms, subtly yet steadily chipping away at Pakistan's position on Kashmir.
Even though, to some observers, the absence of heated exchanges between India and Pakistan might suggest a softening of relations, this is more illusion than reality. Pakistan's internal political and economic turmoil has left it in a weakened position, unable to engage in diplomacy from a position of strength. Meanwhile, India, buoyed by its economic growth and international standing, has shifted its focus from Pakistan to China, which it now sees as its primary rival in the region.
India's stance remains unyielding: no dialogue with Pakistan unless Islamabad ends its support for Kashmiri separatists. On the other hand, Pakistan's demands for India to restore Kashmir's special status and halt its human rights violations in the region remain firm. Both nations are locked in a stalemate, with little hope for compromise on the horizon.
In the grand scheme of things, Jaishankar's visit was little more than a diplomatic obligation. It's akin to India occasionally using Pakistani airspace for international flights - practical, but not indicative of any deeper relationship. As long as both nations remain entrenched in their respective positions, the chances of a genuine breakthrough remain slim.
Presumably, diplomacy is often driven by mutual interest, and right now, neither India nor Pakistan sees enough value in making concessions. Pakistan, dealing with a serious economic crisis and political instability, is in no position to pressure India. Meanwhile, India, with its eyes on global competition, especially with China, has little reason to prioritise its relationship with Pakistan.
The SCO summit may have provided a brief diplomatic respite, but it is unlikely to change the longstanding realities of the relations between India and Pakistan. Until both sides find common ground, the diplomatic mirage of the SCO summit will remain just that - a mirage.
Kashmir: A Legal Perspectiver
By: Asif Mahmood | October 26, 2024
Courtesy : Daily Times
Despite the Indian government’s recent actions, it is undeniable that, under international law, Kashmir is not acknowledged as part of India’s union territory. It remains a territory in dispute, with its future still to be decided in line with United Nations resolutions.
Kashmir is governed by an established principle of international law that prohibits any nation from claiming sovereignty over occupied territory. This principle was originally outlined in the Paris Agreement of 1928 and reaffirmed in Article 2, Section 4 of the United Nations Charter. The International Committee of the Red Cross also reiterated this principle in its declaration on August 4, 2004.
The text emphasizes that occupation does not grant ownership of the occupied territory to the occupying power. Numerous resolutions from the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council support this position. Additionally, the UNCCP affirmed this principle at a conference in Switzerland, further strengthening the established legal discourse.
During an occupation, a state retains its status as an international legal entity. It maintains its identity and does not merge with the occupying power. As a result, the occupation is viewed as illegitimate throughout its duration and does not change the legal status of the occupied state
Based on this principle, the Security Council declared Iraq’s occupation of Kuwait illegitimate in Resolution 674. Similarly, the UN General Assembly refused to recognize the occupation of Azerbaijani territory based on this same principle. In Resolution No. 3061, the General Assembly also declared the Portuguese occupation of Guinea-Bissau illegitimate. If India has forcibly declared occupied Kashmir as part of the Indian Union in violation of UN resolutions, this does not mean that occupied Kashmir has become an integral part of India, nor does it imply that its citizens must pledge loyalty to India. International law clearly states that the fate of the Kashmiri people should be determined by themselves through a UN-supervised plebiscite. India cannot unilaterally and forcibly incorporate occupied Kashmir into India in violation of international law.
During an occupation, a state retains its status as an international legal entity.
The General Assembly Resolution 3314 affirms the right of Kashmiris to resist occupation. Resolution No 37/43, passed on December 3, 1982, explicitly supports the right to self-determination and legitimizes armed struggle against occupation.
Article 45 of Hague Convention negates the possibility of demanding allegiance to the occupying power from the inhabitants of the occupied territories. The question now is: what steps can Pakistan take? Here’s a proposed roadmap:
1. Pakistan can bring the matter to the General Assembly under Article 96 of the UN Charter and seek an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice. This would address whether India’s unilateral change of Kashmir’s status is justified under International Law. Are such actions justifiable in light of UN Charter and Security Council resolutions? Could they be deemed war crimes? The answers to these questions shall reinforce Pakistan’s case in the international legal arena.
The answers to these questions are clear. This will further strengthen the case against India in the realm of international law. We have seen in the past that similar ‘advisory opinions’ have been issued by the International Court of Justice regarding Israel’s aggression. Although such opinions are not enforceable, they hold significant meaning and importance that cannot be overlooked.
2. It is crucial to note that Kashmir is not merely a bilateral issue; it remains firmly on the agenda of the United Nations. Following the Shimla Agreement, India has attempted to recast it as a bilateral matter. However, in light of India’s recent actions on August 6, Pakistan has every right to reassess its position and might consider withdrawing from the Shimla Agreement, given India’s violations of it.
3. To reinforce our stance, Pakistan should expand Article 257 of its Constitution. we should nurture it to amplify the inherent international significance of the Kashmir case.
4. Furthermore, Azad Kashmir’s Supreme Court can serve as a vital platform to advocate for this issue. The people of Kashmir need a clear ruling regarding their legal status, reinforcing that their fate should be determined through a consensus aligned with United Nations resolutions. This ruling should encapsulate the essence of the Kashmir issue, ensuring our voices resonate globally and our case is understood worldwide.
Navigating Pakistan’s Blue Frontier
By: Jawad Saleem | October 26, 2024
Courtesy : Daily Times
Pakistan’s vast coastline, spanning 1,046 kilometres and covering an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of approximately 240,000 square kilometres, presents a significant opportunity to bolster its economy through the blue economy. Globally, the blue economy, which refers to the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while maintaining the health of ocean ecosystems, is gaining immense traction. Countries like the United States, Norway, Australia, and the European Union have seamlessly integrated blue economy strategies into their national policies. Pakistan, however, lags despite its substantial potential, a delay that can no longer be afforded in the current economic and geopolitical climate.
The global blue economy is estimated to contribute between $3 to $6 trillion annually to the world economy, with key sectors including fisheries, aquaculture, maritime transport, renewable energy, coastal tourism, and marine biotechnology. According to the OECD, fisheries alone employ more than 200 million people worldwide and contribute roughly $240 billion in global exports. Maritime transport carries 80% of global trade and coastal tourism accounts for a significant share of GDP for many island and coastal nations. Pakistan, with its strategic location at the crossroads of Central and South Asia, the Middle East, and proximity to major maritime routes in the Indian Ocean, is uniquely positioned to carve out a significant space in this dynamic sector.
However, Pakistan’s blue economy remains underdeveloped. Fisheries, one of its key sectors, remains poorly regulated, with much of the sector operating in an informal, undocumented economy. Environmental degradation, illegal fishing, and overfishing plague Pakistan’s marine resources. Although Pakistan’s ports of Karachi, Port Qasim, and Gwadar handle much of its trade, the maritime transport sector has not yet reached its full potential. Coastal tourism remains underexplored despite the scenic beauty of Pakistan’s coastline. The country’s involvement in renewable energy remains minimal, with little investment in offshore wind, tidal, or marine energy resources.
Pakistan’s potential, though significant, cannot be fully realized without addressing these challenges. This is where the Pakistan Navy becomes an essential player. As a maritime nation, Pakistan’s security, economic growth, and future development are inextricably linked to the sustainable use of its marine resources. The Pakistan Navy plays a critical role in ensuring maritime security, a foundation for building a strong blue economy. Maritime security is a prerequisite for the sustainable exploitation of marine resources, preventing illegal fishing, securing shipping routes, and safeguarding Pakistan’s sovereignty over its marine territories.
The Pakistan Navy’s role in maritime security is exemplified by its participation in international anti-piracy operations and its leadership in the Combined Task Forces (CTF 150 and 151), ensuring the safe passage of commercial vessels through key maritime routes in the Indian Ocean. This participation has enabled Pakistan to secure its maritime trade, which constitutes more than 90% of its external trade. Additionally, the Navy’s maritime security efforts provide a stable environment for the development of blue economy sectors, including fisheries, maritime transport, and coastal tourism.
A prime example of the Navy’s regional leadership is its AMAN initiative. The AMAN multinational maritime exercises are aimed at promoting regional maritime security and cooperation in the Indian Ocean. With participation from more than 45 countries, including the US, China, Russia, and the UK, the AMAN exercises demonstrate Pakistan’s commitment to promoting global and regional maritime security, which is vital for the development of the blue economy. By fostering maritime collaboration and securing international maritime routes, AMAN enhances Pakistan’s reputation as a responsible maritime nation, positioning it as a potential hub for blue economy activities in the Indian Ocean.
The Pakistan Navy’s contribution to the blue economy extends beyond maritime security. It plays a crucial role in protecting the marine environment, which is essential for the long-term sustainability of marine resources. Through its collaboration with national and international environmental agencies, the Navy has been involved in efforts to combat pollution, preserve marine biodiversity, and prevent illegal dumping in the ocean. The Navy’s participation in oceanographic research and marine exploration activities is vital for understanding and exploiting Pakistan’s marine resources. As marine technologies advance, the Pakistan Navy can collaborate with academic institutions and international research organizations to explore the country’s untapped marine resources, including fisheries, hydrocarbons, and renewable energy.
Pakistan’s fisheries sector, with proper regulation, investment, and technology transfer, could become a major contributor to the country’s blue economy. Countries like India and Bangladesh have significantly expanded their fisheries and aquaculture sectors, boosting exports and improving livelihoods for coastal communities. Pakistan can follow a similar trajectory by implementing sustainable fishing practices, enforcing regulations against illegal fishing, and developing aquaculture. The development of fish farming, hatcheries, and mariculture can help meet the growing demand for seafood globally while reducing the pressure on wild fish stocks. This sector could also employ coastal communities and contribute to poverty alleviation.
Another critical sector of Pakistan’s blue economy is maritime transport and port development. The strategic development of Gwadar Port, located at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, is crucial for transforming Pakistan into a regional maritime hub. Gwadar, once fully operational, has the potential to handle 300-400 million tons of cargo annually, positioning Pakistan as a key player in the Indian Ocean’s maritime trade routes. As part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Gwadar Port is expected to facilitate trade between China, Central Asia, the Middle East, and beyond. The port’s development is essential for boosting Pakistan’s maritime transport sector and establishing the country as a significant player in the blue economy.
Coastal and marine tourism is another underutilized sector of Pakistan’s blue economy. Countries like Sri Lanka and the Maldives have developed thriving coastal tourism industries, contributing significantly to their GDP. Pakistan’s coastline, with its scenic beauty, rich cultural heritage, and diverse marine life, has the potential to attract both domestic and international tourists. Developing coastal resorts, promoting marine sports, and preserving natural habitats can turn Pakistan’s coastal regions into attractive tourist destinations, providing jobs and boosting local economies. The Pakistan Navy’s role in ensuring security along the coast is crucial for the success of this sector, as tourists seek safe and well-regulated environments for their activities.
Marine renewable energy offers another avenue for Pakistan’s blue economy. The country’s extensive coastline is ideal for developing offshore wind and tidal energy projects. Global players like the UK have successfully invested in offshore wind energy, generating significant power while creating jobs and reducing carbon emissions. Pakistan, facing energy shortages and high fuel costs, can explore offshore renewable energy as a sustainable and cost-effective solution to meet its growing energy demands. By investing in wind, wave, and tidal power, Pakistan can diversify its energy sources, reduce its reliance on imported fuels, and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.
International cooperation is essential for Pakistan to fully realize its blue economy potential. The country must engage with international organizations and regional bodies, such as the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), to collaborate on blue economy initiatives. Partnerships with countries that have successfully developed their blue economies, such as China, Norway, and Australia, can provide Pakistan with access to technology transfer, knowledge-sharing, and investment opportunities. By fostering international cooperation, Pakistan can accelerate the development of its blue economy sectors while ensuring that it adheres to global standards for sustainability and environmental protection.
To fully capitalize on its blue economy potential, Pakistan must formulate a comprehensive national blue economy strategy. This strategy should prioritize sustainable resource management, technological innovation, and regional cooperation. The strategy should also focus on improving maritime governance, including the enforcement of laws and regulations to prevent illegal fishing, pollution, and other threats to marine resources. Capacity building in maritime skills, research, and governance is also essential. Public-private partnerships can play a critical role in attracting investment, particularly in areas such as port development, renewable energy, and marine research.
Pakistan’s blue economy represents a vast, untapped frontier that, if properly developed, can contribute significantly to the country’s economic growth, job creation, and sustainable development. The Pakistan Navy’s role in ensuring maritime security, fostering international cooperation, and protecting marine resources is essential to unlocking this potential. By focusing on fisheries, maritime transport, coastal tourism, and renewable energy, Pakistan can carve out its space in the global blue economy. With the right policies, investment, and international cooperation, Pakistan can transform its blue economy into a driving force for economic growth, regional integration, and environmental sustainability, securing a prosperous future for its people and positioning itself as a key player in the global maritime economy.
SCO Summit: Key outcomes and future prospects
By: Engr Qaiser Nawab | October 25, 2024
Courtesy : Pakistan Observer
THE recent Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Pakistan highlighted the organization’s increasing importance in fostering multilateral cooperation in Eurasia. This year’s summit emphasized regional security, economic collaboration and energy partnerships, all essential areas for addressing shared challenges in an evolving geopolitical landscape. The SCO’s role in maintaining regional stability is becoming more critical, given the complex environment in which these nations operate.
A significant outcome of the summit was the renewed emphasis on enhancing cooperation in counterterrorism, cross-border crime and regional security. Member states reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening collaboration through the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS), focusing on terrorism, separatism and extremism. This renewed focus is especially timely, as the region continues to face security challenges stemming from Afghanistan’s instability and broader concerns. The SCO summit emphasized the importance of Afghanistan’s stability for regional security, with Pakistan reaffirming its commitment to peace. Economic integration and infrastructure development, particularly through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), were prioritized, with a focus on improving regional connectivity, trade and fostering long-term economic growth.
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) was highlighted at the SCO summit as a flagship project for regional connectivity. Its success showcases the benefits of large-scale infrastructure investments, strengthening Pakistan’s ties with China and opening new trade avenues. Other SCO member states expressed interest in similar models, emphasizing their critical role in the organization’s broader economic agenda. Beyond infrastructure, the summit focused on expanding trade and investment within the SCO region. Member states explored ways to reduce dependence on external markets and strengthen intra-regional trade, particularly important given the recent disruptions in global supply chains. This focus on economic resilience comes at a time when many countries are recognizing the value of regional integration as a buffer against global volatility.
The leaders also discussed streamlining bureaucratic and logistical barriers to trade to ensure that economic integration progresses smoothly. The SCO’s ongoing efforts to facilitate trade agreements, improve customs procedures and build infrastructure were central to the discussions. By prioritizing these initiatives, the organization hopes to generate economic benefits that will contribute to the overall prosperity of the region. Energy security was another key focus of the summit, with member states exploring ways to enhance cooperation in this vital area. Russia’s role as a major energy supplier remains critical within the SCO and discussions on expanding energy trade were productive. Given the fluctuating oil and gas prices and the ongoing transition to renewable energy, the summit emphasized the need for diversified energy sources.
The transition to renewable energy featured prominently, as member states seek to reduce their carbon footprints and meet international climate commitments. Pakistan’s increasing investments in renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, were praised as a step in the right direction. The summit provided a platform for member states to share their experiences and expertise in the renewable energy sector, fostering regional cooperation in this area. The need for a regional framework that balances energy security and environmental sustainability was underscored during the discussions. SCO countries face the dual challenge of meeting growing energy demand while addressing the impacts of climate change. As a result, energy collaboration is expected to play an increasingly important role in the organization’s future, with a focus on ensuring long-term sustainability and resilience.
Environmental concerns were also a key part of the summit’s agenda, as climate change continues to pose significant risks to many SCO member states. Pakistan, which has been particularly affected by extreme weather events such as floods and heatwaves, used the summit to advocate for greater cooperation in climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Discussions on reforestation projects, water management and cross-border ecological conservation initiatives highlighted the need for a collective approach to environmental challenges. Member states stressed the importance of regional cooperation in developing climate-resilient infrastructure and addressing water scarcity, which has become a growing concern as the impacts of climate change intensify. The summit also emphasized the sharing of technology and expertise to improve environmental resilience. By pooling resources and knowledge, SCO countries can better prepare for the challenges posed by climate change, ensuring that their populations and economies are protected from environmental risks.
Overall, the summit reaffirmed the SCO’s evolving role as a platform for addressing a wide range of regional issues. From security and economic development to environmental cooperation, the outcomes reflect the commitment of member states to advancing collective solutions. While aligning the interests of such a diverse group of countries remains a challenge, the summit demonstrated a strong consensus on the need for multilateral cooperation. In a world where geopolitical tensions are rising, the SCO’s ability to foster dialogue and promote multilateralism is more important than ever. By focusing on pragmatic approaches and concrete outcomes, the SCO has proven that it can serve as an effective forum for tackling the complex challenges facing Eurasia. The emphasis on regional connectivity, energy security and climate cooperation at this summit underscores the organization’s growing relevance in an evolving global context.
The SCO summit in Pakistan provided a valuable opportunity for member states to strengthen cooperation in critical areas such as security, trade, energy and environmental protection. The discussions on Afghanistan, regional connectivity and renewable energy were particularly significant, addressing some of the region’s most pressing challenges. As the SCO continues to evolve, its role in promoting regional stability, economic development and sustainability will be vital. The outcomes of this summit demonstrate the organization’s commitment to addressing these challenges. With continued dialogue and collaboration, the SCO has the potential to remain a powerful force for regional cooperation and stability in Eurasia.
77th Yaum-e-Tasees of Azad Jammu & Kashmir
By: Dr Muhammad Khan | October 25, 2024
Courtesy : Pakistan Observer
OCTOBER 24, 1947 is a historical day for the people of Jammu and Kashmir. On this day, Kashmir masses formally established their self-rule on the areas, which they liberated from the Dogra Rulers. This day is celebrated as Independence Day in Azad Jammu & Kashmir. This year (2024), the Government of AJK has celebrated this day with a new hope, resolve and renewed determination for attaining the right of self-determination for the people of Jammu and Kashmir. The 77th Yaum-e-Tasees of Azad Kashmir aims at: reminding the people of Azad Kashmir, especially the youth about the ongoing struggle of the Kashmiri youth of Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK), who are laying their lives for freedom from Indian oppression.
Besides, it reminds them about the sacrifices their forefathers have given for liberating this piece of land from Dogra Rule and the Indian Army, where they live with peace and freedom. Secondly, people and leadership of Kashmir should know that this day is a reminder that this piece of land would now act as the base camp for the freedom of their brothers and sisters from India in Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir. Leadership and people of Azad Jammu & Kashmir need to demonstrate to their brothers and sisters in IIOJK that we have not forgotten your sacrifices and would do everything to get you free from the oppressive and repressive Indian occupation.
For this purpose, the people and the Government of Pakistan should firmly stand behind the struggling people of IIOJK with political, moral and diplomatic support. The day should also send a clear message for the international community that the Kashmir dispute is still unresolved and Kashmiri of IIOJK are under unlawful Indian occupation in violation of UN resolutions and international humanitarian laws, thus need their serious attention. Besides, this day “symbolizes hope, sacrifice” and consistent efforts for the attainment of the right of self-determination of Kashmiris. The day also reminds the people of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan of their responsibilities for the political, moral and diplomatic support of the people of IIOJK with sincerity and devotion. In the history of Jammu and Kashmir, there are eight memorable days/occasions.
The dark day in the history, 16 March 1846, Kashmir Sale Deed, commonly known as “Treaty of Amritsar” signed between Gulab Singh, the Dogra Maharaja and British East India Company. On this unfortunate day, the State along with its subjects was sold out to Dogra Maharaja for just 75 lac (Nanak Shahi). Earlier, Sikhs, Mughals and Afghans attacked, occupied and annexed the State of Jammu and Kashmir for centuries. The second milestone date is 13 July 1931, known in history as the “Kashmir Martyrs Day”. Apart from killing of 22 Kashmiri youths by Dogra Forces, outside Srinagar Central Jail, this was the first formal overt demonstration by the Kashmiri masses. The event was followed by establishment of All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference, the first political representations of Kashmiris for political struggle against the repressive Dogra Rule. The third significant day is 19 July 1947.
On 19 July 1947, the people of Jammu and Kashmir unanimously adopted a resolution for the accession of the State with Pakistan. Each year, the people of Jammu and Kashmir celebrate July 19th as the day of “Kashmir Accession to Pakistan”. This relationship has rooted in the joint history of these two areas over the years and later turned into a relationship of interdependency. The fourth historical day was 24 October 1947, once the people of Kashmir formally established their government with the name of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Government. Significance of this historical day is given in above-mentioned paragraphs. The fifth milestone in the history of Kashmir is the 27 October 1947, being celebrated as Dark Day by Kashmiris.
On this day, Indian Army landed at Srinagar Airport, a day of a formal Indian occupation of Kashmir, Kashmiris still facing the consequences. The Instrument of Accession and other formalities thereafter are all fake as proved by scholars, historians, UN resolutions and even commitments of former Indian rulers. The sixth milestone in the modern history of Kashmir is the year 1990; commencement of the renewed Kashmiri’s struggle for their right of self-determination. As a result of that India deployed over 900,000 security forces in parts of IIOJK. As per KMS, over 100,000 Kashmiris have been killed, 13000 women have been raped, besides tortures, unlawful arrests and detentions.
In 2003, the people of IIOJK gave up their armed struggle and started a peaceful political struggle. India, however, continued its brutalities and human rights violations in the territory. 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014, 2016, 2019 indigenous Kashmiri uprisings were brutally treated by Indian Military and Civil Armed Forces. The seventh milestone day is the martyrdom of Young Kashmiri Freedom Fighter, Burhan Wani on July 8, 2016. Since that day, the Kashmiri Movement has been taken over by Kashmir youths, who are adamant to get their freedom from India at all costs. Since that day, over 2000 Kashmiris have been killed; thousands have been injured, paralysed and blinded through the use of pellet guns by the Indian Army.
The eighth milestone was 5 July 2019, once India unilaterally annexed IIOJK with the Indian Union while relegating its statehood into two union territories. Indeed, it was a reoccupation of IIOJK by India through another illegal act. The 77th Yaum-e-Tasees has been celebrated with a firm determination by people of Azad Jammu and Kashmir that they firmly stand behind the struggling people of IIOJK until Kashmiris get their right of self-determination. There is a need that Indian strategies of doing away with the Kashmiri identity, illegal annexation of IIOJK, making demographic changes and massive human rights violations and genocide must be highlighted and contested at international level through forums like; UNO, EU and OIC.
The Kazan summit and necessity of an alternative world order
By: M A Hossain | October 25, 2024
Courtesy : Pakistan Today
The Kazan summit of the BRICS bloc is poised to shape global geopolitics by asserting a collective vision that challenges the current Western-dominated world order. The BRICS alliance, originally comprised of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, has expanded its reach by inviting new members, including Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the UAE. This expansion, coupled with the recent geopolitical shifts driven by growing competition between the West and major powers like Russia and China, sets the stage for the summit to become a significant signpost in the ongoing push for an alternative world order.
The BRICS bloc has long been a platform for emerging economies to express dissatisfaction with Western-led global governance structures. With its members representing nearly 40 percent of the world’s population and around 25 percent of global GDP, BRICS carries substantial weight in international discussions on economic development, climate change, and multilateral cooperation. However, its expanded membership now introduces new dimensions of influence, particularly in energy markets and developing economies.
The key agenda for the BRICS summit in Kazan is advancing a multipolar world order. This vision seeks to reduce the dominance of the USA and the Western-led global financial system by increasing the use of non-dollar currencies in international trade and encouraging reforms in multilateral institutions. The New Development Bank (NDB), created by BRICS in 2015 as an alternative to the World Bank, is one such initiative aimed at offering a non-Western model for development financing. However, the NDB’s lending capacity remains dwarfed by its Western counterparts, indicating that while BRICS has made some progress, it still faces considerable challenges in reshaping the global financial system.
A key theme of the Kazan Summit was the need for reforms in global governance institutions, such as the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the IMF. BRICS nations have consistently argued that these institutions are outdated and do not accurately reflect the current global balance of power. The summit called for a more inclusive and representative international system that gives greater voice to emerging economies and developing nations.
Russia and China, two of the bloc’s most assertive voices, are particularly keen on reducing reliance on the dollar. This is a strategic goal for both countries, as they face Western sanctions and increasing economic isolation. The inclusion of countries like Iran, which is also heavily sanctioned by the USA, reflects the growing identity of BRICS as a counterweight to Western pressure. Iran’s participation, alongside energy giants like the UAE, positions BRICS to challenge the dollar’s dominance in global oil markets, where transactions are predominantly conducted in dollars.
Despite its ambitions, BRICS is not without internal contradictions. While Russia and China aggressively push for an anti-Western agenda, countries like India, Brazil, and South Africa are more cautious. These nations still rely heavily on trade with the USA and Europe and are hesitant to fully align themselves with an anti-Western bloc. India, for instance, continues to maintain strong economic relationships with both Western countries and its BRICS counterparts, using the bloc as a forum to advance its interests without burning bridges.
Nevertheless, the expansion of BRICS and its growing influence in global energy markets represent a significant shift in the global balance of power. If the bloc can navigate its internal challenges and present a united front, it could play a pivotal role in reshaping the global order. As the Kazan summit unfolded, the world will be watching to see whether BRICS can translate its vision of an alternative world order into reality.
The addition of new members, including those with conflicting geopolitical interests, further complicates the bloc’s cohesion. For example, the UAE and Egypt are key US allies in the Middle East, while Iran has been a longstanding adversary of Washington. This geopolitical diversity raises questions about whether BRICS can maintain a unified agenda while balancing the divergent interests of its members.
The Kazan summit will also highlight tensions within the bloc over how far it should go in expanding its membership. While Russia advocates for further enlargement, others within the bloc are more cautious, wary of diluting its influence or introducing new members with conflicting priorities.
The energy sector was a focal point of the BRICS summit, especially with the inclusion of major energy producers like Iran and the UAE. By leveraging their collective influence over global energy markets, BRICS could create alternative trading mechanisms that bypass the U.S. dollar, potentially challenging the currency’s dominance in global trade. This goal aligns with Russia and China’s broader ambition to reduce their vulnerability to US sanctions, which often rely on the global financial system’s deep-rooted reliance on the dollar.
However, dethroning the dollar is not without significant hurdles. The dollar is deeply embedded in global financial systems, with the vast majority of cross-border transactions and reserves held in dollars. While BRICS has made efforts to increase the use of local currencies in trade, progress has been slow, and the global financial architecture remains dominated by Western institutions.
The expansion of BRICS is both an opportunity and a challenge for the Global South. For countries like Brazil, India, and South Africa, the bloc provides a platform to amplify their voices in global governance while maintaining economic relationships with the West. These countries see BRICS as a means to hedge against future uncertainties, allowing them to navigate the geopolitical shifts without having to choose sides in a new Cold War-like rivalry between the USA and China.
For Russia and China, however, BRICS is a strategic tool to counterbalance US influence and reshape global governance. Both countries are positioning themselves as champions of a new world order that rejects Western political and economic hegemony. This strategy is particularly important for Russia, which, in the wake of its invasion of Ukraine, is seeking to show that it is not isolated on the global stage.
One of the most significant takeaways from the Kazan Summit was the recognition that the current global order, dominated by the USA and its Western allies, is increasingly ill-equipped to address the complexities of the 21st century. Global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and economic inequality require a cooperative, multilateral approach that goes beyond the narrow interests of any one region or bloc.
BRICS, with its emphasis on multilateralism, inclusivity, and mutual respect, offers a viable alternative to the existing world order. The group’s vision of a multipolar world, where power is more evenly distributed, contrasts sharply with the dominance of Western powers in global decision-making. As the world becomes more interconnected, BRICS’ model of cooperation and shared responsibility is increasingly relevant in addressing global issues that transcend national borders.
Nevertheless, the expansion of BRICS and its growing influence in global energy markets represent a significant shift in the global balance of power. If the bloc can navigate its internal challenges and present a united front, it could play a pivotal role in reshaping the global order. As the Kazan summit unfolded, the world will be watching to see whether BRICS can translate its vision of an alternative world order into reality.
Another Saudi investors visit
By: Muhammad Zahid Rifat | October 25, 2024
Courtesy : Pakistan Today
No words are strong enough to fully describe the most warm brotherly relations based on mutual respect and love between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Relations between the two countries are no doubt cited as the most ideal around the world. Saudi Arabia has always stood with and supported Pakistan in every difficult situation, be it some natural calamity, foreign aggression or any other problem of grave nature. Pakistanis have all along been booking towards Saudi Arabia when they are facing some big problem and Saudi Arabian help and assistance, as requested and required, comes within no time.
From the very inception of their diplomatic relations, both countries have navigated challenges together standing shoulder to shoulder in difficult times. This unwavering solidarity between the two countries which also are tied closely in religious bonds has been more explicitly demonstrated, particularly in recent years as Saudi Arabia was playing a pivotal and most appreciable role in assisting Pakistan in overcoming its difficult economic situation.
Only a couple of months back, a high-level Saudi delegation including ministers and a large number of Saudi investors had visited Pakistan to explore the opportunities for investments in different sectors here.
Now, another high-level 130-member Saudi Investment delegation , headed by the Kingdom’s Investment Minister Kaliiiiid bin Abdulaziz has visited Pakistan for three days..
Saudi Arabia and Pakistan are on a path to forge ever closer strategic cooperation as the country has recently marked a major shift in its policy emphasizing Pakistan now wants trade and not aid. In recent months, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have actively collaborated to enhance bilateral trade and investment. It may be recalled that earlier this year, Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman, who is regarded as a friend of Pakistan and its people, had reaffirmed the Kingdom’s commitment to expedite a $5 billion investment package for Pakistan.
The visiting Saudi investors interacted with prospective Pakistani investors at a business conference exploring the possibilities in which sectors they can possibly make their investments. The Saudi Minister, along with the delegation members, called on President Asif Ali Zardari and Chief of Army Staff General Syed Asim Munir. Bilateral relations between the two brotherly countries figured during these meetings. Both sides underlined the dire need for further expanding and strengthening close relations and exploring possibilities of maximum Saudi investment in different sectors on the coming months in Pakistan.
Another visit by Saudi investors and businessmen and the signing of large number of 27 MoUs is also being viewed as further strengthening and promoting of brotherly relations between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan and due implementation of the signed MoUs without any lethargy and wastage of time augurs well for mutual benefits of the people of the two countries and the Saudi and Pakistani businessmen and investors in particular.
Following participation in the business conference and productive and encouraging interaction between the visiting Saudi investors and businessmen with Pakistani counterparts, a ceremony was held at which signed documents were exchanged between Saudi and Pakistani businessmen/investors. On this occasion as many as 27 Memoranda of Understanding worth about $2.2 billion were signed and exchanged. These pertained to multiple sectors including Agriculture, Livestock, IT & Telecommunication, food, Minerals, Energy, Tourism, Real Estate and Logistics, Industry, Petroleum among others.
The ceremony was witnessed by Prime Minister Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif, Army Chief Gen Syed Asim Munir and Saudi Minister for Investment Sheikh Khalid Bin Abdulaziz Al Fateh.
Speaking on the occasion, the Prime Minister said the visit to Pakistan of another Saudi business and investors delegation was a true manifestation of great sincerity and affection for the people of Pakistan from Saudi Crown Prince Moohammad Bin Salman (MBS). He also categorically stated that it will be ensured that these MoUs are implemented in letter and spirit without facing any impediments and he would personally be observing progress in this regard.
The Saudi Minister in his meetings with President Asif Ali Zardari, PM Shehbaz Sharif, COAS General Asim Munir and others said without mincing words quite emphatically that Pakistan is our second home, we are not friends but a family. He also made a pointed mention of the important role of Pakistan Investment Facilitation Council (PIFC) in attracting the Saudi businessmen and investors visit to Pakistan to explore possibilities for their investment here in different sectors.
Another visit by Saudi investors and businessmen and the signing of large number of 27 MoUs is also being viewed as further strengthening and promoting of brotherly relations between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan and due implementation of the signed MoUs without any lethargy and wastage of time augurs well for mutual benefits of the people of the two countries and the Saudi and Pakistani businessmen and investors in particular. This was in furtherance of Pakistan’s new slogan Trade Not Aid.
Pakistan’s renewed polio fight
By: Ayesha Raza Farooq | October 25, 2024
Courtesy : The News
Three decades into the global efforts to eradicate it, the wild poliovirus (WPV) remains an ever-present threat to Pakistani children. This year, 39 children are affected, and the virus has been detected from over 400 sewage samples infecting 71 districts. The current intensity of virus circulation poses a serious threat to our children’s well-being nationwide.
Marked with many sacrifices, the country’s journey towards zero polio has been quite tortuous. There have been times when we seemed really close to polio eradication – once in 2017, when we had eight cases, and again in 2021, when only one child was affected. When 15 months went by without any case in 2021-22, disease elimination looked very probable. Nevertheless, the cunning virus managed to survive, causing a localised outbreak in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2022.
The current virus surge started in the second half of 2023 after reintroduction of a virus cluster circulating across the border in Afghanistan. The frequency of environmental isolations kept increasing, reinfecting all three traditional core reservoirs of Karachi, Quetta block and Peshawar-Khyber that serve as ‘engines of transmission’ hosting, multiplying and efficiently exporting the virus to the rest of Pakistan. Thereon, the intensity of circulation has kept increasing with a dramatic rise in 2024.
What happened in the past two years to bring us from the verge of polio interruption to this current situation? There are, of course, several reasons.
When there were long periods of no virus detections elsewhere, the country programme shifted its focus to the sole endemic zone of southern KP to aggressively wipe out the virus. The shift was well-meaning, but the cunningness of the virus was underestimated elsewhere. Amidst persistent low routine immunisation in many zones, instead of responding to the risk, the programme opted instead to respond to the virus.
An unfortunate complacency also set in the virus-free areas, leading to poor programme oversight, performance management and accountability. Lack of adequate supervision to the frontline workers and half-hearted community engagement efforts ushered in an inconsistent campaign quality, hidden missed children, fake vaccinations, and inaccurate data reporting. With a large birth cohort of around eight million, the population immunity kept diluting. The cunning virus was delightfully watching all these developments and cashed in on the opportunity to travel in the guts of high-risk mobile and migrant populations to spread to every nook and corner of the country.
Persistent vaccine refusals fueled by misconceptions and community resistance, especially in high-risk areas like southern KP and Balochistan, community boycotts, lack of access due to insecurity, and critically low routine immunisation rates left too many children without enough immunity to fight off a polio infection. The virus was cordially received and hosted by these pockets letting it survive and spread to previously uninfected areas.
Understanding the need for renewed focus, the government reinvigorated polio eradication efforts with Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif personally stepping in. A government-accountable senior officer was appointed to lead the NEOC, while the prime minister again tasked me as his focal person for polio eradication, leveraging my experience in this role earlier.
Proceeding systematically, a forensic analysis of the current polio surge has been undertaken along with provinces to identify the determinants and deliberate solutions to obstacles on ground. Restoring the ‘One Team’ approach, the programme has been reset to an emergency mode of working where decision-making is driven by science and data. Seamless coordination with provinces and other stakeholders has been restored with a focus on real-time oversight, management and accountability.
Polio eradication is a national priority agenda across the political divide. Political commitment and ownership have never been higher. We are witnessing this ownership in the form of regular provincial task force meetings and stock takes by the highest political and administrative leadership across all provinces.
To move forward, we had to first look back and analyse what worked for us in the past and where we fell short. We invited all provinces for consultation, leading to the development of a comprehensive framework, dubbed the 2-4-6 roadmap. After a gap of about three years, the National Emergency Action Plan 2024-25 (NEAP)– the critical document that outlines our strategies to interrupt WPV transmission – was finalised.
While plugging the widespread immunity gap through repeatedly vaccinating all vulnerable children remains key to our success, NEAP 2024-25 also envisages implementing locally tailored solutions to the current challenges, expanding partnerships and using an integrated approach to address issues of WASH and malnutrition in key pockets of concern.
Implementation of this roadmap began in July and August, where we worked to reset all major components of the programme, to identify and plug the gaps, and bring them to eradication level. From poliovirus surveillance to communications and management and operations, all areas have been strengthened and revitalised, more importantly using a bottom-up approach.
We started the battle against WPV afresh with the second phase of the roadmap in September with a large-scale sub-national polio campaign that reached over 33 million children in 115 districts. By the end of December, two more high-quality campaigns will be conducted to build strong population immunity and contain the virus to confined pockets.
The aim is to synchronise these campaigns with Afghanistan, our other endemic neighbour, to ensure population immunity across the region. To maintain transparency and integrity, we are engaging candidly with the media and communities to build support for vaccination. In the third phase, from January onwards, our focus will be on mapping the remaining virus hideouts and enhancing vaccination there to interrupt transmission by mid-2025.
Our sights are set on gaining back the ground that we have lost but let us not forget the human lives that are affected. Of the 39 children affected this year, 23 were zero dose for routine immunisation, while six had not received any polio vaccine in campaigns. How unfortunate is it that these children have lost the opportunity to live their lives to the fullest through no fault of their own?
We see that parents’ decisions to not vaccinate their children, based on misconceptions or misguided beliefs, have left them vulnerable to a disease that can be so easily prevented. As parents, we must do better for our children. Instead of choosing to believe in misinformation, we must do our due diligence and search out accurate information based on scientific evidence that vaccines save lives.
No conversation about polio can be complete without remembering our valiant frontline workers – the angels that bring health to our doorsteps to keep our children safe. I am in awe of the dedication and resilience of these individuals, many of whom are women, who brave tough conditions, social pressures and even security threats to ensure a safe and healthier future for our next generations.
Every polio campaign is an opportunity for each one of us to welcome them amidst us and provide a safe and respectable work environment for them. I am also grateful for the incredible support provided by law-enforcement agencies in some of the most high-risk security-compromised regions.
For us, World Polio Day – observed on October 24 – is not just a reminder of the importance of ensuring vaccination for every child, it is also an opportunity to pay tribute to our polio heroes. This year, World Polio Day has been particularly important as it coincides with a crucial nationwide polio campaign.
Beginning next week, polio workers will travel the length and breadth of the country to protect over 45 million children against paralytic polio. With the virus rampant, no child anywhere is safe until every child in your house and neighbourhood is vaccinated. Parents must make the right decision now to vaccinate not only their own children but also those around them because no one is safe till everyone is safe.
A polio-free future is the right of our current and future generations. It is an obligation that every Pakistani must fulfill without failing. I would, therefore, end my submission by urging all segments of society to join hands to actualise the dream of a polio-free Pakistan and the world.
Reimagining the SCO
By: Imran Malik | October 25, 2024
Courtesy : The Nation
The SCO has the potential to become the vehicle on which the Sino-Russia Combine