Articles Regarding Pakistan
CPEC: Prospects and Challenges
By: Waqar Hassan | July 31, 2024
HISTORY shows that alliances enable states to prosper greatly. Global power dynamics shift when states unite to showcase their economic and strategic strength. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is an extremely ambitious project of great significance. This corridor aims to strengthen the relationship between Pakistan and China, promoting collaboration in social, cultural and economic domains. The extensive network of railways, highways and pipelines known as CPEC connects Gwadar Port in Pakistan to China’s Xinjiang region. China benefits from CPEC, while Pakistan has the chance to transform Baluchistan and improve the country’s socio-economic indicators.
CPEC has been hailed as a game changer for Pakistan’s economy, although there are concerns about it becoming a debt trap. Despite the concerns stemming from Pakistan’s poor economic situation, CPEC offers a bright opportunity. CPEC is a significant milestone in Pakistan’s economic revitalization. Pakistan urgently requires improvements in its energy sector. Furthermore, there is a great need for substantial investment in Balochistan’s infrastructure. The purpose of CPEC’s energy projects is to alleviate Pakistan’s long-standing energy shortages and stimulate industrial and economic growth.
Furthermore, Pakistan must improve its export base. The development of CPEC will result in unparalleled infrastructure growth, job creation and industrial expansion. CPEC is predicted to boost trade efficiency by improving connectivity and reducing transportation expenses, making Pakistani exports more competitive globally. Furthermore, the project can improve regional integration and cooperation. Connecting Pakistan with China and other Central Asian countries, CPEC can make Pakistan a key trade hub in the region. The enhanced connectivity is considered a driving force for socio-economic progress, particularly in less developed regions such as Balochistan. The CPEC initiatives have the potential to improve infrastructure and job prospects for the locals.
On the flip side, some circles have raised concerns about the dangers of getting trapped in a cycle of debt. Pakistan’s debt burden could worsen due to the loans and investment linked to CPEC. There is a fear that if Pakistan does not make enough money from CPEC projects to repay the debt, it may have to give up strategic assets to China, as Sri Lanka did with the Hambantota Port.
Critics highlight the absence of transparency and the potential for corruption in CPEC agreements as worrisome. Proper oversight and accountability are being demanded by critics to maximize the benefits of CPEC for all. A few segments fear that unequal distribution of CPEC benefits may result in social and political tensions among provinces. Moreover, concerns have arisen among local communities regarding the environmental effects of extensive infrastructure initiatives, potentially affecting local communities in the long run. The CPEC project is a transformative force that should be pursued with unwavering optimism and full force. CPEC is a beacon of hope for Pakistan and a path forward for addressing the country’s long-standing economic and infrastructural challenges. Robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are necessary to prevent debt crisis risks in CPEC projects.
Furthermore, transparency is viewed as vital not only for deterring corruption but also for fostering public trust and gaining backing for CPEC. To maximize the impact of CPEC, it is crucial to involve provincial governments and local communities in decision-making, ensuring a balanced distribution of its benefits. To reduce harm to local ecosystems and populations, the government needs to implement comprehensive environmental and social impact assessments.
Developing a comprehensive CPEC trade and economic policy is crucial for Pakistan, with a focus on making the corridor a key driver of export growth. Activating idle infrastructure and energy plants is crucial for Pakistan to avoid getting trapped in China’s debt cycle. Pakistan can utilize CPEC to achieve sustainable economic growth by transitioning from a security-oriented state to a developmental state. The successful implementation of CPEC projects relies on achieving political consensus, especially in regions like Balochistan. The underdeveloped region of Balochistan stands to gain significant benefits from CPEC. Pakistan can promote stability and inclusivity by addressing the socio-economic issues of the Baloch people and improving their living conditions through CPEC projects.
The establishment of a national task force is crucial for examining the CPEC debt liability and servicing. The task force must analyze the financial effects of CPEC projects, negotiate advantageous terms with China, and create debt management strategies. By taking this approach, Pakistan can prevent excessive debt and guarantee the long-term viability of CPEC. The study of China’s culture and governance models via CPEC can offer valuable insights to Pakistan. Pakistan can improve its governance and economic policies by studying China’s development experiences and implementing relevant practices. Cultural exchanges have the potential to enhance bilateral relations and promote mutual understanding between both countries.
To achieve sustainable development, Pakistan should adopt a comprehensive trade and economic policy, build political consensus and ensure effective oversight of CPEC. CPEC offers a wealth of opportunities for Pakistan. Nevertheless, some obstacles must be dealt with to expedite the progress of CPEC. Pakistan is in serious need of projects like this to boost regional connectivity and offer opportunities to its population. It’s crucial to make wise decisions now to ensure that this project reaches its highest level of progress and that the two countries can truly accomplish what is expected from CPEC. Pakistan sees CPEC as a vital source of support, like an oxygen cylinder, to help overcome the current economic, political, and social difficulties. We need to take every necessary action to ensure the success of CPEC. This is a crucial opportunity for the country’s prosperity, and we can’t afford to lose it.
CPEC, Pakistan and Wakhan Corridor: A Reality or Mirage
By: Dr Mehmood Ul Hassan Khan | July 31, 2024
The completion of the Wakhan Corridor (WC) up to the Chinese border has become a hot topic among the academia, research scholars and strategists in the country. Even the policy-makers and main stakeholders are worried and terming it a strategic blow to CPEC and so-called strategic depth. Conversely, the Chinese policy makers have not yet resumed this corridor because of serious security threats, especially potential backlash from the ISIS-K in Xinging region.
The ongoing Mexican wave of deadly terrorism in the country has alarmed spillover geopolitical and geostrategic repercussions which has worsened prospects of seeking more and more inflows of FDIs, exploring potential of joint ventures and last but not the least, stability and sustainability of the national economy. Even strategic importance, utility and scope of the SIFC is at stake.
Unfortunately, reactivation of Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Majeed Group, BLA and their trans-regional alliance with ISIS-K is a wake-up call for the government and the military junta. China has serious security concerns that Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region may face a resurgence of deadly terrorism infiltrating through the WC. Most recently, many reports of the Economist, UN and other international organizations confirm that terror groups are using Afghanistan as a platform.
Critical analysis discloses that the Chinese policy-makers are worried about transnational linkages between Afghans and Xinjiang Uyghurs. The possible support to separatists of Xinjiang from Islamic groups active in Afghanistan is a major concern for China. The TTP and The East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) would be a potential risk for the Chinese and Xinjiang if proper security measures and anti-terrorism mechanisms could not be installed.
The WC holds potential for both positive and negative impacts on Pakistan. Ideally, it could extend the CPEC from Pakistan to Tajikistan through Afghanistan, linking Central Asian States with Karachi and Gwadar ports. However, it may also undermine Pakistan’s CPEC ambitions by diminishing its strategic importance in the current Afghanistan transit trade mechanism. The WC could establish a significant highway linkage between Tajikistan and Pakistan via Azad Kashmir, enhancing trade and economic activity. It might facilitate the exchange of minerals, textiles, agricultural products and manufactured goods, with Central Asian States exporting resources like oil, gas and minerals, and importing textiles, machinery and electronics. Similarly, China, Nepal and India are exploring cooperation through the Trans-Himalayan Corridor to benefit from mountain resources such as water, energy and tourism. Like the Trans-Himalayan initiative, the WC presents an opportunity for cooperation, necessitating a national debate on its prospects and challenges.
Geographically, the WC is unique as it is situated at the crossroads of four countries: China, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. It is the shortest trade route for Pakistan to reach Central Asia and for China to enter Afghanistan. The famous Broghal Pass (Chitral) is serving as the most important gateway for Pakistan to the WC. Wakhan Chitral River Route starting from Brogohail Pass to Gwadar Port along Chitral River can also link Jalalabad with Chitral.
The proposed route will also serve as an alternate to Karakoram Highway for China and Pakistan as a safeguard against any aggression by India as the proposed route will be 135 km away from India as compared to Karakorum Highway and will be out of India- claimed Gilgit-Baltistan.
The construction of this road will also benefit other countries such as Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Iran and Pakistan as it creates a significant opportunity for increasing trade and economic activity in the region. This route can further facilitate the trade of various commercial goods between the respective countries.
The Wakhan Corridor is poised to gain significant geostrategic importance for Afghanistan, China and Pakistan due to shifting regional alignments. The opening of the Wakhjir Pass from China is expected to boost regional trade and connections. However, the WC is also exploited by terrorist groups such as Harakat Al-Mujahideen, Jund-ul-Allah, TTP and the Islamic Movement of Turkestan (IMT), raising concerns that an open and porous Tajik border could soon pose serious security issues for Central Asian countries and China. The Corridor is a conduit for human trafficking, drug flow and terrorism, threatening China’s efforts to curb terrorism. Additionally, the WC is crucial for biodiversity conservation, with potential development areas including the Big Pamir, Teggermansu and Wakhjir Valley, underscoring its global significance for biodiversity.
According to many prominent security experts, opening up the WC will support Pakistan’s security and strategic interests by facilitating increased military maneuvering and countermeasures against Indian intrusions in Gilgit-Baltistan from the Ladakh region. The areas across the Qala Panja, Mintaka and Wakhjir Passes interlink Gilgit-Baltistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan, establishing a critical connection.
In summary, the increasing diplomatic momentum between Pakistan and Tajikistan should be further geared up by starting construction of their own joint Wakhan Corridor connecting Afghanistan and China. Afghanistan, China, Pakistan and Tajikistan Quadrilateral Cooperation and Coordination Mechanism (QCCM) to counter terrorism should also be strengthened as opening up of the WC.
Integrated efforts should be initiated to stop the movement of terrorists between Pakistan and Afghanistan through effective border management. A joint collaborative strategy to counter militant groups in and around the WC is the need of hour.
Interestingly, the WC is considered as an alternative to Pakistani ports, particularly since the countries to the north of Afghanistan prioritize economics and trade over politics which must be countered through strategic projection and facilitation of the Gwadar Sea port.
A hybrid trans-regional security umbrella under the SCO RATS may also be implemented to secure vested interests of all the regional countries. Holding of regular Pakistan-Afghanistan-China trilateral strategic dialogue may also be a right way to move forward.
An enhanced military cooperation among Pakistan and Central Asian countries would be a big peaceful push to maintain peace, stability and harmony in the region. Formation of an effective anti-human & drugs force may be an innovative idea to implement to further extend the CPEC and BRI in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan in the days to come. A holistic and comprehensive strategy focusing on the possible positives that may emerge, and for minimizing the potentially negative impact it may have on the country’s trade from the WC.
Pakistan’s Maritime Command
By: Saleem Abbas | July 31, 2024
THE Pakistan Navy has assumed the responsibilities of the combined Task Force 150(CTF 150) for the 13th time, aimed to provide maritime security against piracy and illegal activities at the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The ceremony of the transfer of command was held at the Headquarters of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT), Bahrain. While speaking on this prestigious event, Pakistan assured that the Pakistan Navy has the full potential to work with the coalition of navies to combat illegal activities at sea; and to provide safe and secure maritime routes for regional stability and peace within the area of responsibility. Furthermore, for the safety and security of the sea, there is an utter need for a coalition of different navies to promote stability and peace in the region and beyond the region as well.
In the light of much-needed cooperation for the security of the sea, after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, Combined Task Force 150 was established under the control of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (CENTCOM). It is a multinational coalition of different Navies including Australia, Canada, Denmark, New Zealand, Pakistan, Spain, Saudi Arabia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands the United Kingdom, and the United States. Under the combined Maritime Force (CMF), CTF 150 carried out its Maritime Security Operations (MSO) beyond the Arabian Gulf to provide safe and secure trade routes for commercial ships. The purpose of this task force was to assume the counter-terrorism efforts at sea as a component of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF); and to address maritime security threats by non-state actors to member states of this coalition. The responsibility of this Task Force rotates among its member states for about four months. Consequently, CTF 150 is an important multinational coalition between different partners to deal with traditional and emerging security challenges of the sea that creates hurdles in the navigation of ships and trade routes for business activities.
In the maritime domains, there are a number of security threats and risks for the international community such as piracy and armed robbery, disputes on maritime boundaries between states, extremism, and terrorism in which terrorist organizations use maritime routes for the transfer of weapons, funding, attacks and to occupy the strategic choke points, which poses a significant challenge for international trade and other legal activities. Moreover, there are emerging non-traditional threats such as to the environment, and polluted waterthat have harmful impacts on the life of aquatic organisms. Furthermore, cyber threats, illegal fishing, drug and human tracking also imposed a serious issue for maritime affairs. To combat such security challenges, CTF 150 has played a significant role in curbing these issues by taking effective measures for its member states and the international community.
The UK-French Combined Staff assumed the command of Combined Task Force 150 from the Pakistan Navyto provide security in maritime affairs in the region. Over the last four months, under the Command of UK-French, CTF 150 have carried out boarding operations, built up maritime counter-terrorism capabilities, seized almost 25,175 Kg of narcotics which denied the transfer of US$ 19.5M to the terrorist organizations, and remained the most vigilant and active emergency unit for the assistance of the maritime community in case of any emergency call or disaster.
Presently, Pakistan has assumed the command of this Taskforce which brings responsibilities and liabilities to improve the security condition of maritime routes for trade and other legal activities. Previously, the Pakistan Navy had done an impressive job in tackling maritime issues such as human trafficking, counter-terrorism activities, seized narcotics, and saved the lives of people through emergency disaster relief. Furthermore, the Pakistan Navy has taken the prestigious step of building the Maritime Counter Terrorism Centre (MCTC) and 2nd Force Protection Battalion to train special service groups and other law enforcement agencies (LEAs), such as live fire shoots houses, training of navy force in urban terrain, and Close Quarter Combat Ranges to increase the efforts of counter-terrorism activities, to protect the Karachi harbour, provide humanitarian assistance, natural disaster relief and to deal with all kind of emergency such as flood, etc.
In conclusion, The Pakistan Navy has assumed the command of Combined Task Force 150 for the 13th time due to its distinction services and the trust of its partners in the capability of the force to tackle the traditional and emerging issues of the maritime domain. This includes providing secure maritime routes, combat terrorism, human trafficking, illegal fishing, environmental issues, humanitarian assistance, set special emergency centres to tackle natural disasters, anti-smuggling efforts, protect the areas and routes which are known for piracy and illegal activities, and all other traditional and non-traditional security threats to the international trade. Even in this term of the command of CTF 150, the Commander of the Pakistan Navy Commodore Asim Sohail Malik, assured that his team has full potential to work and coordinate with coalition partners to provide safe and secure maritime routes from all kinds of threats.
A Bridge that endangers South Asia
By: Qamar Bashir | July 31, 2024
While we in Pakistan are hurling accusations and threats at each other, India has quietly tightened its grip on Indian-Occupied Kashmir and improved its standing along the 3500 Km disputed border by silently building a bridge on the rugged Himalayas gorge. This bridge has successfully linked the Kashmir valley to the vast Indian plains by train to achieve three strategic objectives: to further tighten its grip on Indian-Occupied Kashmir, to contain Pakistan, and to meet the perceived rising strategic threat from China.
The bridge, named “Chenab Rail Bridge”, is the highest of its kind in the world and has been hailed as a feat of engineering that will play a pivotal role in both peace and wartime, facilitating the movement of army personnel in larger numbers than was previously possible.
The 1,315-meter-long steel and concrete $24 million bridge connects two mountains with an arch 359 meters above the Chenab River, completing the vital link of the 272-kilometer railway that begins in the garrison city of Udhampur, headquarters of the army’s Northern Command, and runs through the region’s capital Srinagar. It terminates a kilometer higher in altitude in Baramulla, a gateway trade town near the Line of Control with Pakistan. The railway cost an estimated $3.9 billion and has been an immense undertaking, with construction beginning nearly three decades ago. This bridge is the biggest civil engineering challenge faced by any railway project in India in recent times, which would revolutionize logistics in Ladakh bordering China, achieving a huge military advantage.
Earlier, the Indian military had to stockpile supplies, military equipment, and ammunition transported by road in Ladakh for six months every year before the roads closed for winter. With the construction of the bridge, the military will have a year-long sustainable supply line. This project will also give birth to several other road tunnel projects to connect Kashmir and Ladakh, not far from India’s frontiers with China and Pakistan.The completion of this vital bridge has given India a multitude of advantages across military, strategic, economic, political, and security dimensions. Militarily, it enhances troop mobility and logistical efficiency, enabling rapid deployment and sustained supply lines in Indian-Occupied Kashmir. Strategically, it strengthens India’s position against China and Pakistan, acting as a deterrent and reinforcing territorial control. Economically, the bridge promotes regional development by attracting investment, boosting trade, and enhancing tourism. Politically, it symbolizes national integration, facilitates policy implementation, and contributes to political stability by improving living standards. Security-wise, it bolsters disputed border monitoring and counter-insurgency operations, ensuring civilian safety and reinforcing India’s overall security posture in the region.
The Chenab Rail Bridge represents a significant strategic development with far-reaching implications for China-India relations, India-Pakistan dynamics, the Kashmiri struggle for freedom, and the broader South Asian region. This infrastructure project enhances India’s logistical and military capabilities in the region, particularly along the contested borders with China. By improving troop and equipment mobility, India strengthens its defensive and offensive positions, signaling its readiness to counter any potential threats from China. This development not only increases India’s military readiness but also supports its broader strategy of counterbalancing China’s influence in South Asia. It would also give much-needed impetus to the strategic interests of both the USA and the West, which are supporting India and propping it as a counterbalance against China.
For India-Pakistan relations, the Chenab Rail Bridge exacerbates existing tensions, particularly over the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir. The improved infrastructure allows India to bolster its military presence in the area, which, in Pakistan’s view, should be a direct threat to its security and territorial claims. This increased militarization could lead to further conflicts and heightened diplomatic tensions between the two nuclear-armed neighbors. Moreover, the international community may pay closer attention to the ongoing conflict in Kashmir, potentially influencing geopolitical dynamics and the involvement of global powers.
The Kashmiri population faces both opportunities and threats from the Chenab Rail Bridge. While improved infrastructure might bring economic benefits, there are significant concerns about demographic changes and the erosion of Kashmiri autonomy. Easier access to the region could lead to an influx of outsiders, potentially marginalizing the local population and undermining their unique cultural and linguistic identity. This development could intensify the resistance among Kashmiris, fueling their long-standing demand for self-determination and merger with Pakistan. Additionally, the increased militarization facilitated by the bridge might lead to more human rights violations, drawing international condemnation and support for the Kashmiri cause.
Pakistan should also intensify its international diplomacy to highlight that the construction of the Chenab Rail Bridge in Indian-Occupied Kashmir is a direct violation of the UNSC resolutions. By building such strategic infrastructure, India is unilaterally altering the status quo of the region, thereby undermining the spirit and intent of the UNSC resolutions, which call for maintaining the disputed nature of the territory until a fair and impartial plebiscite is conducted under UN auspices. This not only challenges the legal and international status of Jammu and Kashmir but also raises significant concerns about India’s commitment to resolving the issue peacefully and in accordance with international law.
In the broader context of South Asia, the Chenab Rail Bridge influences regional stability, economic development, and strategic alliances. By enhancing India’s strategic posture, the project could destabilize the region by increasing military capabilities and heightening tensions with both Pakistan and China. However, improved infrastructure in Jammu and Kashmir could also foster economic growth through increased trade and connectivity within India and potentially with neighbouring countries. This project could serve as a model for similar initiatives in the region, promoting economic development and regional connectivity if managed diplomatically.
To neutralize India’s advantages after completing the Chenab Rail Bridge, Pakistan should adopt a multifaceted strategy. Militarily, Pakistan should enhance its defensive preparedness. Economically, Pakistan must build resilience, and develop infrastructure in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Additionally, fostering political unity within Pakistan and ensuring good governance and human rights in Azad Kashmir will further strengthen Pakistan’s position.
Pakistan should also intensify its international diplomacy to highlight that the construction of the Chenab Rail Bridge in Indian-Occupied Kashmir is a direct violation of the UNSC resolutions. By building such strategic infrastructure, India is unilaterally altering the status quo of the region, thereby undermining the spirit and intent of the UNSC resolutions, which call for maintaining the disputed nature of the territory until a fair and impartial plebiscite is conducted under UN auspices. This not only challenges the legal and international status of Jammu and Kashmir but also raises significant concerns about India’s commitment to resolving the issue peacefully and in accordance with international law.
Human Cost of Political Decisions: Kashmir Post-Article 370
By: Javed Iqbal | July 31, 2024
Since the beginning of the Kashmir issue, a lot has been written on the worst kind of brutalities and state sponsored terrorism by Indian security forces. During the last seven decades, innocent Kashmiris faced the worst form of suppression and fascism but unfortunately did not succeed in awakening the consciousness of the world community. Till date, violations of UN Security Council resolutions and Human Rights are making mockery of so-called torch-bearers of Human rights.
5th Aug 2019 is remembered as the Black Day in the history of IIOJ&K. Five years ago, the BJP’s dream project of revocation of Article 370 & 35-A was implemented. The evil mind of Modi opted for this move of demographics plan in IIOJ&K on the pattern of Israeli model as all tactics of Indian government failed to suppress Kashmiris. Revocation of Article 370 was a sheer violation of international laws and United Nations resolutions. This illegal act gave absolute authority in the hands of occupational forces to change the status of Kashmiris from majority to minority.
Under this plan, the Modi government has given property rights and granted domicile status to non-Kashmiris, majority of them being non-Kashmiri Hindus. The Modi government also approved establishment of separate housing colonies of pundits and Sainik in the IIOJK. Although the Modi government has tried its level best to portray perception of normalcy in the occupied valley, ground realities are altogether different as lockdown, curfew, clampdown on political workers and journalists are being exercised with full impunity.
5th Aug 2019 is remembered as the Black Day in the history of IIOJ&K. Five years ago, the BJP’s dream project of revocation of Article 370 & 35 A was implemented.
To silence dissident voices, Indian security forces have killed 887 Kashmiris, 2,430 tortured, 24, 688 arrested and 133 women gang raped since the revocation of Article 370. The Indian security forces with unlimited powers and full support of the state machinery could not defeat the courage of Kashmiris. They are sacrificing their life on a daily basis with the conviction that one day they will get reward for their struggle.
Kashmiris are facing existential threats; the world community must come forward and help in implementation of United Nations resolution. They must understand that it is a matter of peace for the entire region as without resolution of the Kashmir issue, no one can guarantee peace and prosperity of the region. It’s time to put an end to the suffering of humanity at hands of Indian occupational forces.
All human rights and United Nation bodies must exert their pressure on the Indian government to reverse its 5th Aug 2019 decision as it is a sheer violation of Geneva Convention and UN resolutions.
It’s high time for the world community to come forward and play their role for the sake of humanity. Indian security forces have no moral and legal justification to continue their illegal actions against Kashmiris. The Indian government’s acts are a contravention of international law, including the UN Charter, UN Security Council resolutions, and the 4th Geneva Convention.
Strengthening Pak-US relations
By: Dr Tehmina Aslam Ranjha | July 31, 2024
On July 23, in Washington, the Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs of the United States (US) Donald Lu said that the US administration had sought a budget of $101 million from Congress for Pakistan to help strengthen its democracy, to assist it fight terrorism and to prod it into stabilizing the economy. Lu even went beyond his mandate to brag that “China is the past in terms of investment, and we are the future.” Perhaps, Lu did not know that Pakistan was the third biggest recipient of Chinese development finance worldwide.
However, on July 24, in Islamabad, the US Ambassador Donald Blome applauded publicly Pakistan’s contributions to counter-terrorism and underlined the US’ commitment to support Pakistan in this regard. Blome also said that the US was willing to do economic collaboration to improve renewable energy, climate management, trade, health, education, and other development sectors in Pakistan. Blome said so while addressing an international conference titled “Strengthening Pakistan-US relations” arranged by private bodies.
What prompted Lu to boast is not known but, in his address, Blome highlighted three main themes. First, the threat of terrorism was not over yet. To combat terrorism, the US would always be a willing partner of Pakistan. Second, burgeoning young population in Pakistan was a reality. Pakistan’s concern should be to educate it and tap its potential productively, before some ignorant youth turn to the path of terrorism. Third, Pakistan was struggling to find economic opportunities for survival.
To combat terrorism, the US would always be a willing partner of Pakistan.
If not in the field of economic survival of Pakistan, the issue of terrorism has converged the priorities of both China and the US to press upon Pakistan to do more. China wants the quashing of terrorism to protect its engineers working on various development projects in Pakistan, whereas the US yearns for the obliteration of terrorism as a follow-up to its war on terror, which continued for two decades (2001-2021) mostly in and around Afghanistan. Both China and the US have different reasons to expect from Pakistan to scale up counter-terrorism efforts.
Presently, Pakistan stands at a cross-road. On the one hand, Pakistan is under immense domestic pressure not to start any military operation (whether or not under the rubric of Azm-e-Istehkam), which could adversely affect the lives and properties of people inhabiting the north-west borders. On the other hand, Pakistan is being hard pressed by both of its allies (China and the US) to initiate a counter-terrorism heave to ensure domestic and regional stability. Both countries expect that any surge in terrorism should be quelled immediately.
In his address, using subdued words, Blome prognosticated a long term challenge confronting Pakistan: a young dynamic generation, mostly without education, looking for economic survival. The triad is worrisome, so are its prospects for peace. To elaborate, with the persistence of the triad, terrorism will find new recruits recurrently to continue its spell. The triad offers life to terrorism. One military operation tramples over one crop of terrorists; however, after a few years, the next crop gets ready. This is why Pakistan has to launch one military operation after the other after every few years to stamp out any existing wave of terrorism. A wave dies offering some respite until the next wave is ready. The cycle will continue unless the triad is wrecked.
Certainly, Pakistan is keen to have amiable relations with both China and the US, though both are growing hostile to each other politico-economically. Nevertheless, countering terrorism is a shared objective. Both China and the US has told Pakistan this point separately but emphatically. However, domestic pressure speaks otherwise, pushing Pakistan into a quandary.
On July 24, in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a 40-member Bannu Aman Jirga (an assembly of elders for peace in Bannu) not only opposed any military operation (whether or not in the name of Azm-e-Istehkam, which was initiated on June 22 against Islamic militants and Baloch seperatists), but the Jirga also demanded defenestrating the concept of good Taliban (those who had surrendered to the security forces). In their demands presented to the provincial chief minister, the Jirga not only sought an end to the centers of the good Taliban, but the Jirga also demanded an end to pickets and patrols demonstrated by the good Taliban. By saying so, the Jirga questioned selectivity presiding over the state’s policy, favouring one type of Taliban. Nevertheless, the Jirga made one point clear: the locals took exception to the bias practised by the state.
Now, the challenge before Pakistan is narrowed down to assess if the country is in a position to open a front against both kinds of Taliban: good and bad. An obvious answer is in the negative. The discriminatory policy of Pakistan has boomeranged to haunt it at the wrong time. Yet, Pakistan cannot do away with the distinction practically. The reason is that the Taliban who do not want to confront with the state need not be harmed. Unnecessary blood shed is prohibitory. It is the duty of the civil administration to establish the writ of the state in remote areas especially after the merger of former tribal areas into the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The other side of the picture is that the provincial administration claims that it does not have the wartime equipment (mostly smuggled from Afghanistan) carried by the good Taliban to stop them from their activities: roaming freely in an area and interfering in the routine of the locals. It is the incapacity of the provincial administration that has brought the situation to the fore.
The baseline is that Pakistan cannot withstand the pressure to launch a military operation, whether diffuse or scattered, against the bad Taliban, who dare challenge the security forces, attack foreigners, and disrupt the even tenor of life. Peace is at stake, so are the chances of foreign investment. The coalescence of counter-terrorism interests of China and the US is leaving no space for Pakistan to equivocate.
The knowledge economy imperative
By: Atta-ur-Rahman | July 31, 2024
Knowledge has now become the key factor in determining socio-economic development. The failure of governance in Pakistan is exemplified by a comparison to Singapore.
Singapore has hardly any natural resources and a population of only 5.5 million, about one-fourth of Karachi. Yet its exports last year were a stupendous $390 billion, due to its visionary leadership that realized that in a knowledge-driven world, the road to progress lies in innovation. Pakistan’s exports, alas, stagnate at only about $35 billion, far lower than even those of Bangladesh, justifying the urgent need for change.
We need an honest, visionary and technologically competent leadership that realizes that our country cannot develop without massive investments in education, science, technology, and innovation (ESTI). The ‘triple helix’ model for a knowledge economy requires dynamic interaction between proper government policies, high-quality universities and research institutions, and the private sector. It is only through tapping into the huge potential of our 120 million youth that Pakistan can leap forward.
A few examples of how innovation is impacting economies are presented here. Let us first look at the agricultural sector. There are growing global water shortages and decreasing availability of cultivable land caused by the huge increases in the world population (which has now crossed seven billion). This is resulting in increasing efforts by scientists to come up with new, more efficient ways of growing food plants that have higher productivity but need lower amounts of water, fertilizer, nutrients, and pesticides to grow.
In this connection, scientists at Purdue University have discovered that a certain chemical can be used to reduce the size of the plant without reducing its yield. They found that a common fungicide, propiconazole, can create smaller and sturdier corn plants that produce more kernels but consume less water, fertilizer, and nutrients. The fungicide is claimed to be harmless to humans as it is commonly sprayed on golf courses to treat fungal dollar spot disease. Advanced agriculture is resulting in huge increases in yields with the aid of sensors that can predict and optimize the use of water, fertilizers and pesticides.
In another interesting development, seawater is beginning to be used for cultivating food crops. One way to convert saline water (seawater or brackish underground water) into salt-free fresh water, useful for drinking or farming, is by a process known as ‘reverse osmosis’. This involves pumping the saline water through a special polymeric membrane that allows only water molecules to pass through the pores of the membrane but prevents salt, bacteria, and dirt from doing so.
However, a drawback of this process is that over time, these particles clog up the expensive membrane and damage it. This results in the need for regular costly membrane replacements, increasing costs. Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles, have now used nanotechnology to develop a new type of reverse osmosis membrane covered with small polymeric hairs. These surface hairs move around rapidly in the water-pumping process, thereby acting as a brush that prevents the deposition of impurities on the membrane surface.
Turning now to health sciences, an important recent development is in the field of aging. How do we age? Can we slow the aging process and prolong life spans? These are questions that have attracted the attention of many medicinal chemists and biochemists. In adults, about 50 to 70 billion cells die each day by a process of programmed cell death built into the structure of each cell (‘apoptosis’). In children between the ages of 8 to 14, some 20 to 30 billion cells die every day, and even more are replaced by new cells. Over a year, this amounts to about the complete body weight of the child.
Oxygen, so vital for our survival, in its reactive form (oxygen radicals), is intriguingly also responsible for the aging process by causing damage to our DNA molecules. That is why antioxidants, such as vitamin C or certain compounds present in red grapes and certain vegetables, are thought to be good for us. Science has already led to increases in life spans over the last hundred years due to better medical care in most parts of the world.
Several compounds have been discovered in the last five years that not only slow down the aging process but have been shown to reverse it. When given to mice, they made the mice physically younger. These compounds include resveratrol, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and an FDA-approved drug for diabetes, metformin. Innovations such as those described above are earning billions of dollars for the countries that are manufacturing high-technology products.
Another sector where knowledge and innovation have significantly impacted socio-economic development is information technology (IT). Countries like India have made massive strides in the IT industry, turning cities like Bangalore into global technology hubs. This transformation has created millions of jobs, driven economic growth, and positioned India as a leader in the global tech industry.
The success of India's IT sector can be attributed to substantial investments in technical education, supportive government policies, and a strong private sector. By fostering a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship, India has been able to compete on the world stage, with its IT exports reaching over $150 billion.
Similarly, Estonia, a small Baltic nation, has emerged as one of the most digitally advanced countries in the world. Through its e-Estonia initiative, the country has digitized nearly all government services, creating a seamless and efficient digital society. This digital transformation has not only improved the quality of life for its citizens but also attracted foreign investment and boosted the economy. Estonia's success highlights the importance of integrating technology into governance and public services to drive socio-economic development.
Education and science remain badly neglected in Pakistan because of corrupt or incompetent leaders who have failed to invest in our real wealth: our children. There needs to be a radical change in our system of governance and a different form of democracy installed before it is too late, as suggested in this weekly series of articles.
Pakistan must prioritize investment in education, science, technology, and innovation to foster a knowledge-driven economy. By learning from the successes of countries like Singapore, India, and Estonia, Pakistan can develop a strategic vision to harness the potential of its youth and create a prosperous future.
The government must implement policies that support the development of high-quality educational institutions, promote research and innovation, and encourage collaboration between academia and the private sector. Only then can Pakistan unlock its true potential and achieve sustainable socio-economic development.
ACT 2024 encourages Modi’s Xenophobia
By: Dr Zafar Nawaz Jaspal | July 30, 2024
THE United States’ increasing strategic competition with China in the Asia-Pacific region and Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent visit to Moscow has created a favourable Congressional leaning towards India. American policymakers are striving to sustain and further the Indo-US threshold alliance despite New Delhi’s distancing from NATO-plus, the US Ukraine policy, and continuing purchasing military hardware and oil from Russia.
The US intention to modernize Indian armed forces with the transfer of sophisticated military hardware and cooperation in the domain of new emerging technologies could destabilize the strategic stability in South Asia. Whether India will be able to check China’s increasing influence in the Asia-Pacific region is debatable. However, it will increase Pakistan’s security dilemma and obstruct Islamabad’s efforts to improve its bilateral relations with Washington.
The Biden Administration and American Congressmen are deliberately ignoring the Indian armed forces’ brutality in the Indian Illegally Occupied Kashmir (IIOK) and Prime Minister Modi’s jingoism against Pakistan. Prime Minister Modi persistently alleges Pakistan to burnish his nationalistic credentials and to restore his declining popularity in the Indian polity. He seemed very frustrated due to the resurgence in Kashmiri fighters’ successful attacks on Indian soldiers and the complete failure of his brutal state-terrorism policy in the IIOK, which he unleashed on August 5, 2019.
Instead of resolving the Kashmir problem judiciously, Prime Minister Modi is repeating his old mantra that Pakistan is sponsoring “terrorism” and a “proxy war” against India. On July 26, 2024, while addressing the Indian soldiers and top army brass in Ladakh, he said,“ I want to tell these patrons of terrorism that their unholy plans will never be successful … Our brave [forces] will squash terrorism, the enemy will be given a befitting reply.” Prime Minister Modi’s befitting response statement alarms about the probability of a replica of India’s February 26, 2019, surgical strike. Modi’s military adventure will entail Pakistan’s quid pro quo-plus response. Notably, such an action-reaction has an inbuilt dynamic to spiral limited war into nuclear exchanges between nuclear-armed India and Pakistan.
Ironically, instead of tutoring and encouraging Indian leadership to act rationally and avoid bravado and jingoism in the nuclearized region, the Americans are implicitly endorsing Modi’s warlike approach towards Pakistan. On July 26, 2024, US Senator Marco Rubio introduced a bill in Congress to improve defence cooperation between the United States and India’. The primary aim of the ‘‘United States-India Defence Cooperation Act of 2024’’ (Act 2024) is to equip India with advanced military technology. The bill pleads that India will be treated like the US closed allies such as Japan, Israel, South Korea, and NATO members.
The Americans are determined to consider India a closed ally despite New Delhi’s refusal to join the NATO-plus in June 2023. The NATO-plus is a security bloc of NATO and five countries—Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Israel, and South Korea. The United States Congressional Committee on the Chinese Communist Party recommended including India in NATO-plus in May 2023. The Committee stated, “Including India in NATO Plus security arrangements would build upon the US and India’s close partnership to strengthen global security and deter the aggression of China across the Indo-Pacific region. The NATO-plus status to India facilitates the alliance reach to China’s border in the Himalayas. A similar intention, once again, resurfaced in the recently proposed Act 2024 in the US Congress.
The proposed Act 2024 will authorize the Secretary of State to ‘increase military cooperation, including joint military exercises, personnel exchanges, support for international peacekeeping missions, and enhanced strategic dialogue. The US provides India with $2,000,000 for international military education and training for the fiscal years 2025 through 2027.Another alarming article of the bill is that the US administration to submit a report to Congress on Pakistan’s use of offensive force, including the use of proxies against India; a list of all instances in which Pakistan has provided safe haven to terrorist groups; and a determination and description of any assistance Islamabad has offered to militants in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Ironically, the Act 2024 simply ignores the reality that India has launched a campaign of orchestrating targeted assassinations, subversion, and terrorism in foreign territories, including Pakistan.
The concluding section of the proposed Act 2024 seems to attempt to levy sanctions on Pakistan on the pretext that it is sponsoring terrorism in India. It states that if Pakistan uses offensive force against India, the former will not receive any security assistance under this Act or under any other Act. It states, “bar Pakistan from receiving security assistance if it is found to have sponsored terrorism against India.” Hence, the passage of the Act 2024 would further deteriorate Pakistan’s relations with the United States.
The increasing military power of India through the generous US military hardware and technology transfers and India’s exemption from the US Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) sanctions, which are a set of US sanctions aimed at countering Russian military trade intensifies Pakistan’s security dilemma. India had already received a few squadrons of the S-400 Triumf surface-to-air missile defence system from Russia, which it deployed on its western border.
To conclude, the proposed Act 2024 negates reality or admits and endorses India’s concocted reports that in Indian Illegally Occupied Kashmir, the Kashmiri freedom movement is not Indigenous, and it also undermines their right of self-determination enshrined in the United Nations Security Council resolutions. Moreover, it encourages Prime Minister Modi’s xenophobia towards Pakistan. Indeed, these developments are detrimental to South Asian strategic stability and economic prosperity.
Protecting the Innocence of Our Youth
By: Umme Haniya | July 30, 2024
In a world where darkness attempts to overshadow the light, our duty to protect the innocence of our young boys has never been more vital. The pride of our nation, and our children, are the very embodiment of hope and promise for a brighter future. Yet, they are being relentlessly targeted by insidious terrorist groups, who seek to lure them into a world of violence and exploitation. The exploitation of innocence by these malicious groups is a grave concern that demands our collective attention. Under the guise of false religious teachings, terrorists manipulate and twist the minds of our children, leading them down a treacherous path that robs them of their innocence and potential. We cannot stand idly by as our nation’s future is threatened by such malevolence.
The message to “Stand united against terrorism” must resound through every corner of our society. Our sons are not pawns to be wielded for destruction; they are the bearers of our hopes and dreams for a peaceful and prosperous future. It is our shared responsibility to shield them from the dark allure of terrorist propaganda and guide them towards a life filled with hope and promise.
Paigham-e-Pakistan Fatwa emphatically asserts that deeming our country, its government, or its forces as infidels is not only unfounded but also a grave transgression.
The digital landscape has become a battleground where our children are being targeted for radicalization. Terrorists exploit social media and online platforms to prey on the innocence and curiosity of our youth, leading them astray with toxic propaganda. It falls upon the shoulders of parents and teachers to be vigilant guardians, monitoring our children’s online activities and fostering an environment of openness and security at home.
Teachers, the stewards of knowledge and compassion, play a pivotal role in safeguarding our children from the perils of radicalization. By keenly observing changes in behaviour, educating students about online safety, and promoting youth activism and community engagement, they can fortify the defences against terrorist propaganda in our schools.
As a nation rooted in the values and teachings of Islam, it is incumbent upon us to uphold the true essence of our faith. The Paigham-e-Pakistan Fatwa emphatically asserts that deeming our country, its government, or its forces as infidels is not only unfounded but also a grave transgression. Encouraging our religious scholars to elucidate the true teachings of Islam and empowering our judiciary to discern acts of infidelity can dismantle the misconceptions and misinterpretations that terrorists exploit for their agenda.
Terrorist groups slyly entice and exploit the impressionable minds of our young boys for their nefarious designs. Upholding the true teachings of Islam is not just a duty; it is our shield against the misinterpretations propagated by terrorists. Protecting our children from radicalization is a collective responsibility that rests on the shoulders of parents, teachers, and society as a whole. By standing united against terrorism, we can fortify the innocence of our children and safeguard the future of our nation.
As we embark on this collective journey to shield our youth from the clutches of radicalization, let us remember that our children are the custodians of our dreams and aspirations. Let us unite in our resolve to protect their innocence, nurture their potential, and guide them towards a future filled with peace, promise, and prosperity. To protect our children and protect our future should not only be treated as a call to action for the parents or the teachers, but an unbreakable pledge to safeguard the very essence of our nation.
Transnational Repression of Modi’s Regime
By: Omay Aimen | July 30, 2024
“Justice will not be served until those who are unaffected are as outraged as those who are.”
Benjamin Franklin’s remarks strike a profound chord with the predicament facing the Sikh people and their protracted fight to create Khalistan, an autonomous state split off from Indian Punjab.
The historical and cultural differences that distinguish Sikhs from the rest of India are the source of the long-standing demand for Khalistan, a separate nation for Sikhs. Before falling victim to British colonial domination, the Indian Sikh Empire, which lasted from 1799 to 1849, highlighted a distinct Sikh political identity for around fifty years. This era, which stands for a time of autonomy and self-governance, is still deeply ingrained in Sikh thought.
The Sikh community has been deeply affected by a string of tragic and violent events that have intensified their impassioned calls for self-determination. The Sikh Genocide of 1984 is considered to be one of the most horrific episodes in contemporary Indian history. Thousands of Sikhs were massacred in a vicious anti-Sikh pogrom that broke out after Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was killed by her Sikh bodyguards.
The historical and cultural differences that distinguish Sikhs from the rest of India are the source of the long-standing demand for Khalistan, a separate nation for Sikhs.
The Sikh community became deeply estranged from and mistrusted of the Indian government as a result of this planned bloodshed, which fueled calls for Khalistan. The Golden Temple, the holiest Sikh site, was the focus of Operation Blue Star, a highly contentious military operation that was carried out to drive out insurgents. The collateral damage, including the desecration of the temple and significant civilian casualties, further deepened the community’s sense of victimization and marginalization.
The “Decade of Disappearances,” a grim period marked by extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances of Sikh youth by Indian security forces in Punjab, further exacerbated the community’s grievances. These officially sanctioned measures ultimately served to fan the flames of secession and anger despite their apparent goal of putting an end to the insurgency. A deep and ongoing sense of unfairness and disenfranchisement among Sikhs has resulted from the cumulative effect of these events, leading many of them to seek sanctuary and start new lives abroad. As a result of widespread migration, Sikhs have settled mostly in the US, Canada, and the UK, where they have persisted in supporting Khalistan.
In today’s globally interconnected society, transnational repression has become a more common tactic used by regimes to target dissidents and minorities by extending their coercive reach across national borders. This disgusting strategy is used against a variety of people, including political activists, journalists, human rights advocates, and members of racial or religious minorities.
Horrible crimes including targeted assassinations, kidnappings, and revenge against family members are among the arsenal of transnational repression. The gravity of this problem is highlighted by recent charges made against India. The Indian government was charged in an indictment released by the US Department of Justice in November 2023 with masterminding a plot to kill a Sikh activist on American soil. This concerning revelation highlights the lengths states will go to to stifle opposition and impose their will on the world stage.
Communities have the right to self-determination under international human rights law, which includes the ability to choose their political status and to seek their own economic, social, and cultural advancement.
All support for Khalistan is considered terrorism, and India has criminalized the Sikhs’ aspiration for self-determination. Khalistan’s domestic movements, which were particularly strong in the 1980s and 1990s, have been weakened by this harsh stance. As such, the movement has mostly turned its attention to the diaspora, resulting in the formation of “Khalistan Referendums” outside, but non-binding nonetheless. Indian intelligence agents are said to have gone to great pains to stifle this movement, as seen by the 2023 killing of Canadian Sikh Hardeep Singh Nijjar, who was actively planning such a referendum.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s political career is closely related to this persecution. Since taking office in 2014, there has been a noticeable decline in democratic norms under Modi’s administration. Repression of nonviolent protests, persecution of religious minorities, restrictions on journalistic freedom, and regular use of internet blackouts as a control tactic have all occurred. The following quote from Modi during a 2024 rally serves as an example of an utter violation of all norms and international obligations: “Today, even India’s enemies know this New India comes into your home to kill you.” Such pronouncements glaringly demonstrate the government’s willingness to partake in extralegal international actions.
On November 29, 2023, undercover DEA officers verified an indictment against an Indian arms and drug trafficker who was organizing Sikh American assassination plots. Further investigations have revealed higher-level collusion in these operations including Indian intelligence agents, especially from RAW.
December 2023 saw the release of leaked documents from India’s Ministry of External Affairs that included plans for disinformation campaigns and covert operations meant to weaken Sikh diaspora organizations. This data highlights India’s growing reliance on overseas repression to further its policy objectives, which raises grave concerns about state-sponsored terrorism and violations of human rights around the world. The international community needs to address these problems head-on and demand justice and accountability for people who are the targets of such nefarious activities. With its divisive and confrontational approach, the rise of Hindutva demands a concerted regional and global reaction to lessen its dreadful impacts on global peace and security. The need for international cooperation is essential to tackling the complex and dangerous issues raised by Hindutva’s globalization.
Youm-e-Istehsaal
By: Yasir Khan | July 30, 2024
As the date for Youm-e-Istehsaal approaches, it is essential to highlight the significance of this day and the atrocities committed by Indian forces in Kashmir.
Every year, Pakistan observes August 5 as a reaction to the Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. On this day in 2019, the Indian government under Narendra Modi had scrapped the Indian constitution’s Article 370, which guaranteed a special status to the region of occupied Kashmir.
This commemorative day is a powerful reminder of the ongoing struggle for freedom and justice in the region. With a focus on Indian aggression in Kashmir, we must continue to raise our voices, forcing the world to acknowledge the brutalities faced by the Kashmiri people for decades on end and the resilience they are still showing in the face of adversity.
Although India has over the years tried to downplay its illegal annexation of Jammu and Kashmir, confusing the international community with self-touted claims of peace and prosperity in the valley, Pakistan has, to date, stayed true to its promise to keep reminding about the injustice and oppression faced by the Kashmiri people at the hands of the Indian government. Youm-e-Istehsaal is a similar commemoration to express solidarity with the people of Kashmir and reaffirm support for their right to self-determination.
The world cannot turn a blind eye to the suffering of the Kashmiri people
The Indian government’s actions in Kashmir have been marked by widespread human rights violations, including arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial killings, and the use of pellet guns against unarmed civilians.
The region has been under a strict military lockdown for years, with communication blackouts and restrictions on movement imposed on the local population. These oppressive measures are a clear violation of international law and human rights standards but call it a tragic consequence of the Indian diaspora or their covert diplomacy, many in the civilised world prefer to buy their concocted tales of being the largest democracy instead. New Delhi continues to keep a massive military presence in the disputed region and thousands of Kashmiris have been held in detention in the world’s largest open-air prison.
Despite facing immense challenges, the people of Kashmir have shown remarkable resilience and determination in their struggle for freedom.
They continue to resist occupation and demand their right to self-determination. Youm-e-Istehsaal is a day for the Kashmiri people to come together and demonstrate their strength and unity in the face of adversity.
The international community must play a proactive role in addressing the human rights abuses in Kashmir. The United Nations and other global bodies must hold India accountable for its actions in the region and work towards a peaceful resolution of the Kashmir conflict. The world cannot turn a blind eye to the suffering of the Kashmiri people and must take concrete steps to ensure their rights are protected.
Every year, we hope that by the time next August comes around, Pakistan will be celebrating the much-awaited arrival of self-independence with its Kashmiri brothers and sisters. But before seeing them breathe in freedom and enjoy their due rights, it is essential to not back down from this fight and stand in solidarity with them. The Indian atrocities in Kashmir cannot be ignored, and the international community must work towards justice and peace in the region.
CPEC 2.0: Expanding Horizons
By: Dr Imran Khalid | July 30, 2024
This month marks a significant milestone as Pakistan and China celebrate the 11th anniversary of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a cornerstone of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
Over the past decade, this partnership has witnessed a remarkable surge in China’s dedication to enhancing Pakistan’s economic landscape, solidifying a robust bond between the two nations. China has emerged as Pakistan’s foremost benefactor, providing substantial investments, loans, and grants that have been crucial in driving Pakistan’s growth.
Since its inception on July 5, 2013, when the MoU was signed, CPEC has represented a transformative journey for both countries. The initiative has not only strengthened connectivity but has also fostered long-term collaboration. China’s investment has rejuvenated Pakistan’s infrastructure, energy, and production sectors, especially at a time when traditional international donors were reluctant to engage.
The corridor has become a symbol of mutual prosperity and enduring camaraderie, demonstrating China’s strategic commitment to its friend. Its impact on Pakistan’s economic development and the deepening of Sino-Pakistani ties continue to highlight the strategic significance of this enduring partnership.
CPEC represents a visionary commitment that has significantly shaped the trajectory of Pakistan’s economic landscape. Launched with an ambitious plan, CPEC united Pakistan and China in their pursuit of shared prosperity, connectivity, and enduring friendship. China’s pledge of $60 billion in investments aimed at revitalizing Pakistan’s infrastructure, energy, and production sectors arrived at a critical juncture when traditional international donors were hesitant and Pakistan’s economy faced severe challenges.
CPEC’s potential impact on Pakistan is often likened to the Marshall Plan, which transformed post-war Europe. By fostering substantial economic growth, CPEC was projected to create over 2.3 million jobs between 2015 and 2030 and contribute an additional 2.0 to 2.5 percentage points to Pakistan’s annual economic growth rate. This corridor is not merely an investment but a strategic catalyst poised to revitalize Pakistan’s economy. Its role in providing a lifeline at a time of economic vulnerability underscores the corridor’s transformative power and highlights the deepening Sino-Pakistani partnership.
Over the past 11 years, China’s investment of over $25.4 billion in Pakistan has profoundly impacted key sectors such as transport, energy, and infrastructure, all central to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This significant commitment reflects Beijing’s focus on improving connectivity and promoting economic growth. Beyond direct investments, China’s support includes a substantial 30 billion Chinese yuan in loans and the creation of a currency swap arrangement.
This strategic partnership has been a crucial lifeline for Pakistan, shielding its financial stability and strengthening its debt management capabilities. The assistance has not only eased the pressure of debt repayments but also allowed Pakistan to diversify its trade practices, decreasing its dependence on the dollar and improving its foreign exchange reserves. The impact of this support highlights the deepening economic ties between the two nations and underscores China’s role in bolstering Pakistan’s economic resilience.
CPEC is reshaping Pakistan’s economic landscape with its extensive network of roadways linking rural and urban areas. A pivotal element of this initiative is the strategic placement of nine Special Economic Zones (SEZs) along these critical routes, designed to attract substantial investment and drive economic growth. Four of these SEZs are nearing operational status, marking a significant milestone in the project’s development. The remaining five SEZs are expected to become fully functional by 2030.
This ambitious timeline underscores the transformative potential of CPEC, signaling a potential overhaul of Pakistan’s economic environment. The SEZs are more than just industrial hubs; they represent a strategic vision to stimulate investment, foster industrialization, and catalyze regional development. By harnessing the power of these economic zones, Pakistan aims to leverage its position within the CPEC framework to unlock new opportunities and drive sustained economic advancement. As the SEZs come online, they promise to be pivotal in reshaping the economic future of Pakistan, cementing CPEC’s role as a game-changer in regional development.
This mega project exemplifies a forward-thinking approach to energy infrastructure, integrating a broad spectrum of power projects. From coal and hydro to solar and wind power plants, CPEC has made significant strides in expanding Pakistan’s power generation capacity. This comprehensive energy strategy not only addresses the immediate demands but also sets the stage for a more sustainable and environmentally conscious future.
By diversifying its energy sources, CPEC is transforming Pakistan into an energy-surplus nation, a crucial development for a country long plagued by power shortages. This transformation is more than just a technical upgrade; it represents a strategic shift that fosters industrial growth and enhances economic stability. The promise of reliable and diversified energy sources is proving to be a magnet for foreign investment, highlighting CPEC’s role in reshaping Pakistan’s economic landscape.
It has significantly impacted Pakistan’s growing blue economy, with Gwadar port standing out as a central success. Once a modest vision, Gwadar has transformed into a thriving maritime hub, actively facilitating global trade and commerce. This evolution highlights the port’s critical role in Pakistan’s economic strategy and underscores the tangible benefits of CPEC for both nations. Initially designed to connect Gwadar Port with China’s Xinjiang region, CPEC has expanded into a comprehensive initiative that includes energy projects, infrastructure development, and industrial collaboration.
The development of nine Special Economic Zones (SEZs), particularly the burgeoning Gwadar Free Economic Zone, is reshaping the economic landscape, positioning CPEC as a leading investment hub in the region. The transformation of the Gwadar Port into a fully operational trade centre is a testament to CPEC’s ambitious scope and its potential to drive significant economic growth. This expansion reflects a broader vision, where infrastructure improvements and strategic investments not only elevate Pakistan’s economic standing but also reinforce the bilateral ties between China and Pakistan.
During Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s recent visit to China, the announcement of CPEC’s second phase, often referred to as CPEC 2.0, marked a significant expansion of the initiative. This new phase broadens the project’s scope beyond its original focus, incorporating agriculture and information technology into its ambit. By venturing into these sectors, CPEC 2.0 aims to enhance economic collaboration and technological integration, reflecting a strategic evolution in China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative.
This expansion underscores the growing significance of CPEC as a comprehensive framework for fostering bilateral ties and advancing mutual economic interests. As both neighbours embark on the second phase of CPEC, Beijing’s promise of an additional $1 billion grant to Pakistan underscores a deepening partnership rooted in shared prosperity. Notably, over 30,000 Pakistani students are currently benefiting from educational opportunities in China, reflecting the rich cultural and academic exchange between the countries.
Looking ahead, the second phase of CPEC plans to complete 63 new projects, with an estimated value of $35 billion by 2030. This ambitious expansion highlights a mutual commitment to not only enhancing regional connectivity but also to fostering economic integration that reaches into Afghanistan and Central Asia.
The future of CPEC promises significant transformation, as both China and Pakistan work together to realize a vision of comprehensive development and cooperation. This evolving partnership is set to redefine economic landscapes and reinforce the strategic importance of their collaboration on a global scale.
Protecting youth from Terrorist’s Organisations
By: Dr Muhammad Khan | July 29, 2024
This is very unfortunate that, terrorists’ organizations are hunting the youth of Pakistan for their nefarious and inhuman terrorist activities. The main reason for this youth recruitment is the rampant unemployment in the country. Indeed, owing to economic crises in Pakistan, there are no worthwhile jobs for the youth which constitute over 65% of Pakistani population. Indeed, poverty and socio-economic vulnerabilities of the deprived communities compel their youth for exploitation at the hands of terrorist organizations. Nevertheless, a large number of the youth are being indoctrinated on the basis of their religious belief system to become part of terrorism. Indeed, terrorist organizations mislead the youth, especially the youth of Madaris and illiterate youth who have nothing to do. In return of their services this youth lot is paid monthly stipends. In some of the cases, poor parents are given money to spare their young children for the militancy and terrorism. Still there is a class of the youth which are being recruited on the basis of ethnicity. This rising trend is very dangerous for the state and society of Pakistan.
Indeed, terrorist organizations are being funded by anti-Pakistan forces, mainly the spying networks of some major powers alongside the Indian RAW on Afghan soil. These terrorists’ organizations very cunningly entice youth for their sinister designs; violating the Islamic injunctions, social values and cultural norms. Indeed, they betray the youth under the religious motivation, psychologically brainwash them and then train them to undertake various terrorists activities including suicide bombing. In the process, terrorist organizations effectively target young, educated and passionate youth who like internet, social media platforms and online games. This youth is at times mistreated at training camps including their sexual abuse by these terrorists.
In last two years, there has been resurgence of terrorism and terrorists in Pakistan; mainly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan provinces. This terrorism has its breeding sites in neighboring Afghanistan. Terrorism increased in Pakistan ever since August 2021, since the establishment of Interim Government of Taliban in Afghanistan. Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Tehreek-i-Jihad Pakistan (TJP), separatist’sinsurgents from Balochistanand elements from Islamic State of Khorasan (Daesh) are involved in these deadly attacks. Indeed, terrorism and militancy are anti-thesis of Islam and Interim Afghan Government under Taliban considered itself as the follower of Islam. This Holy religion is all about peace, respect and love for the human beings. In Pakistan, the main terrorist outfit is TTP which claims to be the Muslim organization having linkages with Afghan Taliban.
This terrorist outfit has damaged the image of Pakistan, Islam and Muslims ever since it formally started its terrorism in various parts of Pakistan in 2007. It was banned and declared outlawed terrorist organization by the Government of Pakistan. There are four prominent features of this terrorist organization: a) it uses Islam as its philosophy and ideology to attract and conceal its evil designs and the hidden motives, b) it is brutal and inhuman in its actions and behaviour which goes against the ideology of Islam, c) it is heavily funded from across the frontiers with strong control of regional and international spying networks and d) it is totally against the state, society and constitution of Pakistan. The terrorists of this banned organization undertake their terrorist acts while using highly sophisticated weaponry and war munitions which include modern surveillance system and night vision goggles. This means that they are being used against Islam, Muslims and Pakistan by the forces which are against all three in essence and strategy.
TTP and other militant organizations are operating from Afghan soil. As reported, after Taliban took over Afghan Government, TTP, Daesh and Baloch separatists gained control over the huge weapon and ammunition left by NATO and U.S forces. These militant organizations are using this modern weaponry against Pakistan in their acts of terrorism along Pak-Afghan border, in former FATA areas and in the province of Balochistan. Pakistan has repeatedly asked Interim Afghan Government (IAG) for stoppage of militant attacks using Afghan soil. In fact, Pakistan firmly believes that, if IAG take decisive steps to control TTP and other anti-Pakistan militant organizations, there will be no terrorism in Pakistan.
Terrorism against Pakistan is a well-conceived international conspiracy to declare it as a failed state. The international forces and power centers are eying at the pivotal geopolitical location of Pakistan besides its nuclearprogramme and the strong and professional Military. Through political destabilization and economic crises, these forces tend to undermine the state’s sovereignty and independence. The people of Pakistan must be aware about the hidden designs of the rival forces of Pakistan. The armed forces are being defamed for creating a clash between masses and men in uniform.
Since the youth of Pakistan is the major target of these terrorists’ organizations, therefore, State and society has an intimate responsibility to save them from getting into the terrorist’s trap. There is a need of initiating a national social campaign to save our children (the future of Pakistan) from getting into the hands of terrorist’s organizations. These organizations use the youth as explosive and weapon for the nefarious designs of the enemies of Pakistan. At the level of Government, there is a need to create job opportunities for the unemployed youth by creating and increasing the job markets and various entrepreneurs. By creating job opportunities, youth will not be attracted and lured-in by terrorist’s organizations. Let’s defeat the militancy and terrorism from Pakistan by positively guiding our youth towards constructive activities. In this we can defeat terrorism, save our youth and restore peace in Pakistan.
Crisis of Education
By:Tariq Aqil | July 29, 2024
“Education is not preparation for life, education is life itself.” —John Dewey.
Deep down, every good teacher knows the impact and importance of education. It isn’t just about learning reading, writing and arithmetic at school. Instead, formal education is about gaining the knowledge and the skills needed to become a better person and create a better society to live in. A proper education sets people up to grow personally, professionally, and socially. It can awaken joy, curiosity and a deep desire to solve problems and help others. Plus, teaching a student can inspire them to pursue leadership roles and positively impact those around them. One of the other many benefits of education is that it can broaden a student’s horizons, helping them understand more about other cultures and corners of the world beyond the school door.
Unfortunately today Pakistan today is in the throes of a massive crisis of education. About 26 million children are out of school, the state education system isin dire straits and the private education system is so expensive that it is now beyond the reach of the common man. For the first time in our turbulent history the Prime Minister of Pakistan has declared a National Education Emergency on 8th May 2024.
The Federal Ministry of Education has been tasked with revamping planning, curriculum, financing and implementation of the new policies to breathe life into the education system. The Govt. of the day is faced with a monumental task mainly because of the phenomenal increase in population reaching almost 7 million new babies born every year who enter the world with the hope that the state will provide the necessary education facilities for them to grow up to be responsible citizens of the country equipped with the skills to earn a living.
The national education budget for the year 2024-25 has been increased to 1.9 % from 1.5 % of last year this is a very happy move but is it sufficient to combat the ugly state of our education system?And the Govt. is now committed to raise the GDP allocations to 4% by the year 2029 which is not too far in the future.
Our education system relies heavily on rote learning, and students who are good at memorization easily obtain good marks in high school board exams at the matric and intermediate levels. However most fail to recall the concepts learned in the previous classes. Both parents and teachers pay no attention to critical thinking skills. Fortunately the Prime Minister has now has announced an “Education Emergency” across Pakistan to enroll approximately 26 million children who are currently out of school, aiming to transform Pakistan into one of the most educated countries in the world. Just announcements are not enough the need of the hour is to address the woeful lack of good schools and colleges in the country which is the main and foremost educational problem in Pakistan.
With more than 40% of the people living below the poverty line poverty too is a serious education problem. People living hand to mouth simply do not have the financial means to invest in education for their offspring. The govt. has to find ways and means to make education affordable for every citizen. Education emergency should focus on the availability of free education for all on the pattern of many welfare states in the world. Article 25A of the 1973 constitution clearly states “Right To Education: the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law” This clause was added to the basic rights section of the constitution in 2010. In 2014 that is after 14 years the PM is declaring an emergency to do what has been promised as a basic right for all children of the country.
This attitude has been called “criminal negligence” by the Prime Minister himself. Emergency isa serious and dangerous situation and it is definitely more than serious in the country and all previous governments during the past 76 years are responsible for his criminal neglect of education in the country.
According to the accepted and prevalent standards Govt. should spend at least four percent of the GDP on education but ironically Pakistan Govt. does not spend more than 1.7% on education.
If any education emergency is meant to bring about a change it is imperative that the expenditure on education must be doubled immediately and the govt. should make every effort to make education free for all at least up to high school levels.Every education policy formulated since 1947 has aspired to provide free education but so far not a single policy has been able to deliver the promised aspirations laid down in education policies or as promised by the constitution. The education emergency has been announced with the usual fanfare but nothing has been said about the methods to be adopted for addressing the situation or what policy changes will be implemented, when the country will increase the investments in education and when the nation will see some serious and practical steps for any meaningful change in the education sector of the country. How will the education emergency become reality? Who will be monitoring the implementation of a new policy and take us towards access to quality and free education for all children. One can only hope and pray that this announcement of the education emergency is not just a political gimmick but will be implemented in latter and spirit.
This country is in immediate need of more and better schools, teachers and teaching aids. Teaching skills have to be improved and the content knowledge of teachers enhanced. Above all we need the political will and immediate attention of the political elite to combat the dangers of a collapsing education system.
Safeguarding Diplomacy
By: Amna Hashmi | July 29, 2024
The recent attack on the Pakistani consulate in Frankfurt has reignited the debate over the balance between diplomatic security and accessibility. On July 20, 2024, a group of men allegedly dressed in Afghanistan flags stormed the consulate, ransacked the compound, and removed the Pakistan flag. Fortunately, there were no losses, but the situation revealed a number of critical threats and underscored the ongoing problem of safeguarding diplomatic premises and maintaining the mission’s activities.
Several similar attacks on diplomatic missions have highlighted the global nature of these security challenges. In 2012, the US consulate in Benghazi, Libya, was attacked, resulting in the deaths of four Americans, including Ambassador J Christopher Stevens. This incident underscored the vulnerabilities of diplomatic missions in conflict zones.
Diplomatic missions operate with a dual mandate: they must deliver services to the citizens and also perform diplomatic functions; at the same time they have to protect their facilities and people. Some of the measures that are used to enhance security of the diplomatic missions are fences and barricades, surveillance cameras, and cooperation with the local police. However, the Frankfurt attack showed that these measures were insufficient. As per the Overseas Security Advisory Council report of 2023, though 85% of the diplomatic missions have strengthened their security measures in the last few years, such incidents are still a reality. The fact is that the threats are constantly evolving and therefore, the security strategies have to be constantly reviewed and adjusted.
Security and accessibility are two factors that are not easily compromised since they are always on a delicate scale. Diplomatic missions must be open and accessible to be able to perform diplomatic and consular functions properly. Overemphasising security can lead to the restriction of people’s access, the obstruction of diplomacy, and the weakening of people’s interest. On the other hand, inadequate security can expose missions to attacks, thus posing serious risks to human lives of the personnel and other people who may be in the mission at any given time. It is a delicate balance that must be achieved through a proper security plan that will not hinder the functioning of the mission.
The flow of intelligence between the host countries and the diplomatic missions plays a critical role in threat identification and management. In the case of Frankfurt, the actions of the attackers imply that there could be a breakdown in intelligence or communication, calling for better cooperation between local and international intelligence services.
The protection of diplomatic missions is governed by international norms that include the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. However, the usefulness of these protocols is only as good as their implementation and modification over time due to emerging security threats. The attack in Frankfurt has forced Pakistan to appeal to Germany to honour these conventions. This event is a wakeup call for states to follow and enhance international security measures to safeguard diplomats across the globe.
The social aspect of such attacks is also severe because it demoralises consulate staff and scares away visitors. The consequences for international relations and diplomacy are also significant because attacks on diplomatic missions affect bilateral relations and diplomatic processes. Thus, increasing the level of security for diplomats is not only about the lives of people but also about the credibility of diplomatic processes.
The attack on the Pakistani consulate in Frankfurt serves as a stark reminder of the ongoing security challenges faced by diplomatic missions. By learning from this incident and implementing comprehensive security measures, the international community can work towards preventing future attacks and ensuring the safety of diplomats worldwide. Balancing security with accessibility remains a critical task, requiring continuous effort and cooperation at all levels.
Searching for Foreign Policy
By: Najam us Saqib | July 29, 2024
In an upscale restaurant in Islamabad, the topic of today’s roundtable discussion was the challenges of Pakistan’s foreign policy. The selected experts in the field were eager to share their valuable ideas on the subject. The ambiance was simply ebullient. With a winsome smile on his face, the host broke the ice by welcoming the esteemed gathering.
Host: Chatham House rules apply. No recordings. No cameras. Allow me to begin by acknowledging a simple fact. Entangled in serious internal issues, including those relating to security, politics, and economics, the country does not seem to have time to evaluate its foreign policy. Hence, a plethora of issues needs to be addressed. My request is to avoid stating the obvious. Secondly, the recommendations put forward must be doable and practical. No rhetorical statements, please. Yes, Ma’am, let’s begin the discussion with you.
Official Expert: Pakistan is following a foreign policy of friendship and cordiality with all countries of the world except Israel and Armenia. Taking inspiration from the Quaid’s guidelines, it’s a policy of peace within and peace without. Our geo-strategic importance forces us to adopt a policy based on mutual respect with a focus on economic diplomacy. Geography is our biggest challenge. Our progress is hindered by our friends on both the eastern and western borders. The government is in the process of reviving the National Security Policy, in which a whole chapter will be allocated to foreign policy.
Voice: I think you should have peace within first before embarking on the difficult journey of having peace without.
Think Tank: Friendship for peace and not war should be our motto. Staying away from the US, getting closer to China, and countering terrorism are the most important dimensions of our foreign policy. India should be left alone to its own devices. Pakistan has learned its lessons. In case there is another 9/11, we will never believe in any promises. Our 186th publication is placed before you. This issue contains some recommendations for the government as well. We hope these recommendations will be given due consideration when the government prepares the new National Security Policy.
Voice: Did anyone even read your previous 185 publications, let alone paying any heed to the recommendations put forward therein?
China Expert: China is a superpower without a shred of doubt. However, it strictly believes in a multipolar world seen through the lens of contrasts. Beijing feels that in an unequal world, a few rich countries will always have the final say, leaving most countries struggling to find their place and voice their opinions, let alone join the deliberations on the future of the international community. The West is creating all sorts of hurdles in China’s way to progress. Pakistan can play its due role in bringing Washington and Beijing to the negotiating table, as it did in 1972. That would help Islamabad create a balance in its policies towards the US and China.
Voice: Firstly, it was not 1972. It was 1971. Secondly, this is the age of Artificial Intelligence, Sir. They don’t need any mediator to talk to each other or sort out issues. In any case, you should put your own house in order. The question is: did your PM receive that eagerly awaited phone call from Washington? I assure you, Sir, even on his way out, Biden will not call your PM. Mediation between China and the US?
UN Expert: No comments.
US Expert: The US foreign policy acknowledges South Asia’s importance and believes in expanding freedom for all and promoting economic prosperity and peace. Washington feels that democracy has taken root in Pakistan but has proven elusive. It also acknowledges the danger that two nuclear-armed countries pose if they go to war. The US will allocate $101 million for Pakistan to strengthen democracy, fight terrorism, and stabilize the economy. Islamabad needs to remove Washington’s misgivings to stay close to the superpower. Let’s hope Kamala Harris wins.
Voice: It does not make any difference who the President of the United States will be. You will be viewed and treated the same way. The US will do what the US has been doing. Do they even care what your government thinks about America?
South Asian Expert: Pakistan must not abandon its efforts to normalize relations with India. In international relations, emotions have no role to play. Let us postpone Kashmir and focus on commencing trade. Modi’s anger is temporary. On Afghanistan, our policy should focus on mending ways with Kabul rather than offending the Taliban.
Voice: You should rescind your Pakistani passport and get naturalized either in India or Afghanistan. Let us find our ‘relevance’ to India ourselves. Let us rue our mistakes made in helping Afghanistan and lick our wounds ourselves. No compromise on matters of our vital national interests.
Real Expert: The biggest challenge to our foreign policy is the foreign policy itself. People think a country can have a strong foreign policy without being economically sound. This misperception makes matters even more complicated. The table may note that a country’s foreign policy is a depiction of its internal economic, political, and societal situation at a given time. How could you make independent decisions when the country is embroiled in a vicious debt trap? Ground realities must be taken into consideration.
Voice: Finally, someone is talking sense.
South Asian Expert: I disagree. Kashmir and the Taliban cannot wait for us to stabilize the economy first. These are pressing issues requiring immediate actions.
Real Expert: Eliminate corruption; let the people have a government of their choice; get rid of kakistocracy; and stabilize the economy. Your hostile neighbors will be forced to respect you as a nation.
Voice: Listen to him carefully. He has just spelled out the entire algorithm of foreign policy in just one sentence.
Frozen Ties
By: Maleeha Lodhi | July 29, 2024
PROSPECTS for diplomatic engagement between India and Pakistan remain bleak. Any expectation that a multilateral summit that Islamabad will host in October will help to melt the ice between Pakistan and India seems premature in view of the persisting diplomatic stalemate, which neither side has sought to overcome.
As rotational chair of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), Pakistan will convene the heads of government summit in around three months’ time. As part of the seven-member regional grouping, India has of course been invited. While it is too early to say whether Prime Minister Narendra Modi will participate, indications so far are that it is highly unlikely. There has been no development to suggest that either side sees this as an opportunity for bilateral re-engagement. Quite the opposite.
Sports is always a useful barometer to assess if a diplomatic thaw is on the anvil as it both reflects a softening in position and paves the way for an easing of tensions. But that front too offers little grounds for optimism. Although cricket diplomacy has played a part in the past to bring the two countries closer, this is no longer the case.
Pakistan is to host the ICC Champions Trophy between February and March 2025. The Indian media is already reporting, citing official sources, that due to “strained relations” between the two neighbours, the Indian cricket team will not travel to Pakistan. Instead, the Indian cricket board plans to ask ICC for India’s matches to be played in Dubai or Sri Lanka. For some years now, the Modi government has barred its cricket team from playing in Pakistan. Even though Pakistan’s team played in India in an international tournament in late 2023, the Indian team did not come to Pakistan for the Asia Cup, hosted by Pakistan last September.
More importantly, exchanges between the two countries after the Indian elections have been anything but encouraging. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s congratulatory message to Modi on his re-election elicited a terse response. The reply was wrapped in ‘security’ language expressing Modi’s commitment to “the security and safety” of Indian citizens. Although PML-N president Nawaz Sharif’s message of felicitation to Modi was cast in conciliatory terms, it elicited a similar, terse response with emphasis on security. Moreover, Pakistan was excluded from the list of regional leaders invited to Modi’s oath-taking ceremony. In 2014, Nawaz Sharif had attended Modi’s first inauguration.
But it was Modi’s accusations against Pakistan last week that provided the clearest indicator of his stance. In a speech on the anniversary of the Kargil conflict, he said: “Pakistan has not learned anything from its history. It is trying to keep itself relevant with the help of terrorism and proxy war.” He also called Pakistan “masters of terror”. Earlier, Indian foreign minister S. Jaishankar used the same old tired rhetoric in his first statement on assuming charge. Spelling out what future engagement with Islamabad would involve, he said: “We would want to find a solution to the issue of years-old cross-border terrorism.”
Prospects are bleak for resumption of any formal dialogue between Pakistan and India.
A verbal clash between the foreign ministries of the two countries on occupied Kashmir followed in the wake of PM Sharif’s China visit in June. The Pakistan-China joint statement of June 8 had referred to the need to resolve all outstanding disputes in South Asia with the Chinese side reiterating its principled stand that “the Jammu and Kashmir dispute … should be peacefully resolved in accordance with the UN Charter, relevant UN Security Council resolutions and bilateral agreements”.
This prompted the Indian external affairs ministry spokesman to criticise the reference claiming it was “unwarranted” and that “the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Union territory of Ladakh have been, are and will always remain integral and inalienable parts of India”. Islamabad dismissed these remarks and reiterated that Kashmir was an internationally recognised disputed territory and Indian claims were “unfounded”.
It seems the Modi government’s preference is to maintain a strategic freeze on relations with Pakistan. It has shown no interest in resuming dialogue with Islamabad, apparently concluding that this hurts Pakistan, not India. Pakistan-bashing by BJP leaders during the election campaign reflected their animus towards Pakistan. Modi’s own statements were extremely provocative. At one point, he compared his muscular response to cross-border terrorism with the infirm approach of his predecessors, saying he will continue to “hit terrorists in their homes”. His reference was to the Indian airstrikes he ordered on Balakot in February 2019 after a terrorist attack in Pulwama in occupied Kashmir. This had led to a dangerous confrontation between the nuclear neighbours.
In recent weeks, there has been a virtual chorus in the Indian media about “foreign infiltrators” in J&K in the wake of a series of attacks on Indian security forces in Jammu. Several newspapers have referred to so-called “shadow militant outfits” linked to Pakistani militant groups that are carrying out a “proxy war”, with Jammu as the new theatre of operations. The Hindu called it the “highest recorded militant footprint” in Jammu since 2005. This seems an orchestrated effort to externalise the problem in order to shield the government from blame for the deteriorating security situation. It is also designed to keep Pakistan under pressure. All this makes any chances of resumption of talks between India and Pakistan rather remote.
India’s obdurate refusal to discuss the Kashmir dispute poses a major challenge for Pakistan. Even if talks were to resume down the road it would be impossible for Islamabad to have a formal dialogue minus Kashmir. Indeed, a ‘peace’ process which doesn’t include Kashmir will not go anywhere.
This is not a hard-line view but the dictate of law, principle and reality. As for reviving trade between the two countries this too presents challenges. While a constituency for expanding bilateral trade exists on both sides, Delhi has thus far, shown no interest in reviving economic ties. India imposed 200 per cent tariff on Pakistani imports following the Pulwama incident. Trade was formally suspended by Islamabad after India’s illegal annexation of Jammu and Kashmir on Aug 5, 2019. Since then, relations have been in deep freeze. In view of latest developments, there seems to be little prospect of the ice melting between the two countries.
Deception’s rise: Spread of fake news in Pakistan
By: Dr Zafar Khan Safdar | July 27, 2024
WORDS play a critical role in shaping our understanding of information. Whether it is misinformation, fake news, disinformation or conspiracy theories, each term reflects different ways through which misleading information can deceive us, whether by intention or slipup. In an era dominated by digital communication, the rise of fake news and social media warfare has posed significant challenges to societies worldwide. A recent study conducted by MIT scholars revealed that many individuals who share false news stories online do so inadvertently and that their sharing behaviour can be influenced by reminders about accuracy. The presence of such reminders was found to widen the gap between the sharing rates of true news stories versus false ones. The study also identified common reasons behind the sharing of false information. Approximately half of those who shared the false news stories cited inattention due to the fast-paced nature of social media. Another third shared misinformation because they mistakenly believed it to be true, while a smaller proportion knowingly shared false headlines.
Pakistan, with its rapidly growing internet penetration and active social media structure, is not immune to these challenges. The proliferation of misinformation, disinformation and mal-information on platforms like Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp has not only shaped public opinion but also influenced political narratives, societal cohesion and national security. Fake news encompasses a spectrum of false information deliberately created, manipulated and disseminated to deceive readers. It includes misinformation (unintentional dissemination of false information), disinformation (deliberate spreading of false information) and mal-information (truthful information shared to cause harm or public damage). In Pakistan, fake news often takes the form of manipulated images, misleading headlines and fabricated stories aimed at misleading the public for political, social, or economic gain. The era of social media has amplified these issues, allowing misinformation to spread rapidly and widely among the population. Fake news, including falsified election results, doctored images and fabricated narratives, exacerbates political divisions by promoting partisan narratives and undermining trust in institutions. Politically motivated misinformation campaigns can manipulate voter behaviour and undermine democratic processes, while polarization hampers constructive dialogue and national unity.
Pakistan has witnessed a significant increase in internet and social media usage, driven by affordable smart phones and data plans. Platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter are widely accessed for news consumption, social networking and political discourse. As of March 2024, 65% of Pakistanis utilize social media, highlighting the significant influence it has on public opinion and political debate in the country. Social media offers a platform for citizen journalism, activism and public engagement, but its potential positive impacts are undermined by the unchecked spread of misinformation, often used by political parties, interest groups and other non-state actors. Pakistan’s social media regulation, governed by PTA, has faced criticism for inadequacy and politicization. The Punjab government’s recent efforts to introduce stricter regulations, including measures against fake news, have sparked debates on freedom of expression and responsible online behaviour.
False information can significantly impact economic growth, investor confidence and consumer behaviour, especially in fragile economies like Pakistan. Bots, both domestically and internationally, can manipulate online discourse, skew public perception and artificially increase the reach of misinformation campaigns. This poses risks to growth and development in fragile economies like Pakistan. Organized influence campaigns, funded by domestic or foreign actors, strategically deploy fake news to achieve political or strategic objectives. These campaigns exploit societal fault lines, exploit cultural sensitivities and exploit historical grievances to undermine stability and influence public opinion. Pakistan is facing external threats from foreign interference through disinformation campaigns, exploiting social media platforms to spread divisive content, influence public opinion and exacerbate tensions between the country and its neighbours or allies.
Educational programs and public awareness campaigns are essential in promoting media literacy and critical thinking skills among citizens. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer promising tools to detect and mitigate fake news. AI-powered algorithms can analyse content patterns, identify misinformation sources and flag suspicious accounts or trends. Collaboration between tech companies, researchers and government agencies is crucial in developing and deploying effective technological solutions.
Independent journalism and civil society play pivotal roles in combating fake news through fact-checking, investigative reporting and promoting transparency. Journalists and media organizations uphold ethical standards, verify information rigorously and hold accountable those responsible for spreading false information. Support for press freedom and protection of journalists are integral to safeguarding democratic values. Balancing freedom of expression with the need to combat fake news presents legal and ethical dilemmas. Regulatory frameworks must safeguard constitutional rights while curbing malicious online behaviour. Measures to regulate social media platforms should be transparent, accountable and respectful of user privacy and data protection. Cross-border fake news poses challenges that require international cooperation and collaboration. Diplomatic efforts, information sharing agreements and joint initiatives with neighbouring countries and international organizations are essential in countering transnational misinformation threats effectively.
Efforts to combat fake news should not compromise user privacy or infringe upon individual rights. Policies should ensure data protection, user consent for data usage and transparency in platform algorithms. Privacy-conscious approaches are crucial in building trust and enhancing the credibility of measures against fake news. In a nutshell, successfully tackling fake news requires collaboration among various stakeholders, adaptable regulatory approaches and continuous advancements in technology and media literacy. Achieving resilience against misinformation demands long-term dedication, active public engagement and strategies that can flexibly respond to the challenges presented by digital evolution.
Bridging Nations or Breaking Trust?
By: Sarah Ameer | July 27, 2024
The phenomenon of immigration has existed for as long as human history, always driven by pursuit for better economic and educational opportunities.
People moving across borders not only influence their own lives but also impact the host society as well as their own homeland. The diaspora community is considered as an ambassador of its own country and plays a pivotal role in building connections between the nations.
If we talk about our part of the world, the Indian nationals constitute the largest diaspora community in Asia, with over 17.5 million Indians spread all across the globe. According to reports, the United Arab Emirates tops the list of being home to the highest number of overseas Indians while the United States and Saudi Arabia take the 2nd and 3rd ranks respectively.
It would not be wrong to call the diaspora community a double-edged sword. While it contributes to the economy of its home country through remittances and investments and also mobilizes foreign aid in times of crises, it can also, sometimes, hurt the international image of its motherland.
The state-sponsored assassination attempts on foreign land disturb the law and order situation.
Recently, an Indian entrepreneur Rishi Shah, co-founder of an advertising startup, Outcome Health, has been sentenced to seven and a half year prison after being convicted of defrauding investors such as Goldman Sachs, Alphabet and the Pritzker Group venture fund of $1 billion.
Shah and other executives, including another Indian American Shradha Agarwal, were accused of lying to pharmaceutical companies, taking money for ads never placed, and then misrepresenting the health of the company to investors. Earlier this year, another Indian, Jaspal Thiara, was arrested in Canada along with his partner, Jordan Cordeiro, on charges of selling fraudulent tickets of concert and sports events which cost the victims over $100,000.
These cases are reported at a time when India is already in the news because of its transnational repression. An Australian broadcasting corporation, recently, accused India of threatening and spying on Sikh expatriates.
A few weeks earlier, the Canadian government also issued a similar report calling India the second biggest threat to Canada’s democracy. In the not so distant past, the Canadian government called out India for its involvement in the assassination of a pro-Khalistan activist, Hardeep Singh Najjar, while the US government also exposed the Indian assassination plot against a member of a Sikh diaspora community.
These kinds of offenses can have serious implications. The state sponsored assassination attempts on foreign land disturbs the law and order situation thereby bringing the expatriates under increased scrutiny, encroaching on their privacy and liberty.
High profile criminal cases like that of Rishi Shah involving major investors like Goldman Sachs and Alphabet shakes investor confidence in the startup ecosystem and also raises concerns about the investors’ due diligence process, negatively affecting their reputation.
Moreover, it can also lead to increased skepticism towards ventures led by the immigrant entrepreneurs thus stifling innovation and economic growth in the host country. The actions of a few individuals may cause members of the host society to develop negative perception towards the entire diaspora community.
This shift in perception may lead to several social and economic consequences. It may result in decreased space for immigrants in the employment sector, as employers become more reluctant to hire individuals from certain backgrounds. This can lead t